Montgomery Bus Boycott

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a socio-political protest against the policy of racial segregation and discrimination campaign in the public transport service of Montgomery city, Alabama in 1955. It lasted for one whole year starting at December 5, 1955 and ending at Decenmer21, 1956. The sentiments of the Afro-American community were cooled down by a United States Supreme decision that declared segregation in public transport as unconstitutional. The main cause of the protest and boycott of transport system was racial discrimination. This segregation was a source of bitterness and pathos for the Afro-Americans community for a long period of time. The city bus service was making a mockery of Afro-American as they were harassed by white drivers. They had top pay the fare at the front door whereas they had to reboard from the rear-door.   They used to sit behind a barrier that segregated the white community from the black one. This barrier was always moved toward the rear end to accommodate more white customers. On the bus, blacks sat behind a mobile barrier dividing the races, and as the bus filled, the barrier was pushed back to make room for white passengers. This stated resentments of the black residents of Montgomery city got an impetus in the arrest of Rosa Parks. She was taken into custody on December 1, 1955 on the charges that she refused vacate her seat to a white passenger. She was penalized 10$ in addition to $ 4 court charges. This decision flamed the feelings of the Afro-American community who had already planned to set a protest against this uncivilized practice. So the same day, on December 05, 1955, almost forty two thousands Black residents of the city started the boycott of city bus transport in order to protest racial segregation and racially discriminatory law of Alabama state. Rosa Parks was also an enthusiastic adherent of the protest campaign. The first occurrence of protest was a one day boycott by a local women’s rights organization, Women's Political Council to show solidarity with Rosa Parks. The council’s president JoAnn published and distributed 52,000 fliers that prompted Montgomery‘s Afro-American community to stay off public buses on the day of the Rosa Park’s trial. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People’s (NAACP) local section, that was hankering after an issue to involve the court into a legal and constitutional debate over the issue of racial segregation took advantage of the situation, started preparing for the legal challenge. After the conviction of Rosa Parks, the local black leaders congregated to arrange a mass protest and an extension of the bus boycott. They further established Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to forward the interest of the Afro-American community at the national level and elected Luther King Jr. as its president. This protest continued for 381 days during which Black community used other mean of conveyance like taxis, carpooling, and walking through miles. Their efforts and sacrifices bore fruit when they ultimately succeeded in their struggle to desegregate seating on public buses, not only in Montgomery, but throughout the United States through a decision made by Supreme Court. As it is stated earlier that Black organizations like NAACP and other community leader started thinking on various legal measures to challenge the Alabama bus segregation laws and to eradicate the segregation. For his purpose, they based their case on Fourth Amendments that declares equal laws for every citizen of America and  Ã‚   wanted a clear judgment in this regards over the discriminatory laws of Alabama State. But real solace came through another case Browder v. Gayle that was filed on February 1, 1956, in the U.S. District Court. Browder was a Montgomery housewife who was denied the equal right of bus service under the discriminatory law and Gayle was the mayor of Montgomery. In June, 1956 ruling, federal court declared the segregated seating as unconstitutional but an appeal was forwarded to the United States Supreme Court. However, on November 13, 1956, the superior court endorsed the lower court's ruling. This was a great triumph for the Afro-American community as they won the struggle for their rights. The Montgomery Bus Boycott cast deep imprints U.S. history and equipped the Black leadership with an impetus to carry on their civil rights struggle. It had implications that reached far beyond the desegregation of public buses. Luther King established himself as the leader of a national stature. The protest boosted the Civil Rights Movement and created a mass awareness about the struggle of Afro-American community and highlighted their pathos and miseries. It further provided confidence to the Black people that they can win their rights by constant struggle. In the words of King: â€Å"We have gained a new sense of dignity and destiny. We have discovered a new and powerful weapon—non-violent resistance.† Reference Burns, Stewart. (1997) Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott. The University of North Carolina Press.

A Swimming Adventure Essay

Awaking early, I decided to sit on the screened porch and watch the Florida sun come up. Within a very short time as I sat there, the sun peaked on the horizon as it gradually awakened from its night of slumber. The dew sparkled like diamonds as the sun’s rays tenderly caressed the grass. Off in the distance, I could hear the world spring to life as the birds began to sing a spectacular melody, growing louder and louder as each bird began to chirp in unison, like a choir singing in church on Sunday morning. A new day had dawned and I remember thinking how magnificent the birds’ song was and what a wonderful day it was going to be. Returning to my duties as a mom, I started making breakfast for my children, who would wake shortly wanting to eat. Within a few minutes, the wonderful aroma of the pancakes and bacon cooking on the stove gave way to the sound of pitter-pattering little feet as they hit the floor. My children Michael, Laura and Misty were awake and joined me in the kitchen. I seated the children; gave them their breakfast and told them that it was going to be a very hot day and if they ate all of their breakfast and cleaned up the toys, I would take them to the beach to go swimming. The children, bustling with excitement over the news, hurriedly ate their breakfast and started cleaning up their toys while I cleaned the kitchen. Around noon, the temperature was a blistering 95 degrees as we packed a cooler with sandwiches and drinks. We loaded the trunk with our chairs and headed off to the beach. On the way, we saw a black and white cat racing across the street chasing a gray mouse. We played a game called I Spy and sang songs to pass the time. Growing closer to the beach Michael spied a snake lying in the road, and asked, â€Å"Why is the snake lying in the middle of the road mommy?† The snake  was dead and not wanting to upset him, I replied, â€Å"The snake is basking in the sun so it can get warm†. It was not long before we had reached our destination. Anticipation filled the air as we found the perfect spot and unloaded the car. The children helped set up the chairs and then headed off to swim. Deciding to relax a few minutes, I took in the peaceful views that lay before me. The beach was covered with white sand and on each side of the swimming area were large boulders and rocks that had been piled up. There were several covered tables and a bathroom area. Many people were playing in the water while others were lying on their towels and blankets on the sandy beach. A volleyball game was taking place a few yards away and I remember thinking how hot it was as the glaring sun beat down on everyone. Watching the children playing in the surf, the waves from the shore looked fun and almost childlike as they crested and then crashed over one another. I could taste the salt in the air and watched little rainbows glisten through the prisms of the ocean’s spray. The warm ocean water toward the shore was covered with foam and bubbles from the rumbling waves as my children and other families played in the gritty sand of the Gulf. I watched the seagulls swoop  down as a child threw small pieces of bread up in the air. The sea gulls were white and gray and had a long orange beak. I remember thinking to myself, â€Å"This is going to be a perfect day†. The children are playing and laughing in the ocean and call out â€Å"Come on mom, come and play†. I start towards the water trying not to step on any of the tiny hermit crabs as they emerge from their sandy homes in search of scraps. I reached the water; no crabs injured and plunged head first into a two-foot wave coming to shore, hah! How refreshing. My children and I are swimming and playing together in the cool refreshing water. I lift them one by one tossing them slightly in the air and letting  go, I hear them shriek with delight as they plummet towards the water with a splash! This exciting activity is repeated several times until my arms give out and I am forced to take a break, much to the dismay of my children who are having a wonderful time. I stand there in about three feet of water when my children come up with another exciting game; they start swimming through my legs playing mommy is a bridge. I remember thinking boy! I wish I had their energy. After resting a few minutes I picked them up, placed them one at a time on my back and began to swim; we slowly swam under the blue water and up again and I could hear them giggle with excitement and say â€Å"Do it again mommy, do it again†. A short time later a commotion broke out interrupting our games, I struggled to hear what everyone was shouting about and saw people running to the water’s edge and pointing about fifty feet from where the children and I were playing. Looking in the direction they were pointing, a  man with his daughter in tow yells, â€Å"SHARK!† without hesitation, I yelled to my son, â€Å"Michael, get out of the water!† I grabbed Laura and Misty and headed to shore. My adrenalin pumping we reached the shore incredibly fast, like a bolt of lightning streaking across the night sky. Only when we were safely on shore did we look back to see three fins just skimming the surface of the water. I stood there stunned and shocked watching the fins, wondering what kinds of sharks they were and very grateful that everyone was in one piece. A few minutes later, the fins disappeared beneath the surface and everyone was treated to a wondrous sight, there off in the distance, were three dolphins jumping high into the air and making a big splash as they entered the water. The dolphins took turns jumping and playing; sometimes they would jump in unison, as if dancers in a chorus line. As fast as they had appeared, the dolphins slipped beneath the waves and headed out to sea. I wondered if the dolphins laughed to themselves; thinking about how they had scared the two-legged creatures from the water  or if they were just as curious about us as we were of them. With the all clear, we headed back into the water and continued swimming and playing games. A short time later, the children became hungry so we decided to get something to eat and drink. The ham and cheese sandwich tasted good and the Pepsi was refreshing. As we ate, the children began to get goose bumps so I covered their shoulders with a blanket. Hours later, the sun setting, we gathered our belongings, packed up the car and ventured home. The children tired from a full day of fun and games fell asleep quickly. Not wanting to wake the children, I turned off the radio and listened to the hum of the motor as we made our way home. Later as I lay in bed I replayed the day’s events in my mind, from the stunning sunrise, the splendor of the birds as they sang, the laughter of they children as the played, the show of the dolphins, the beauty of the beach and the setting sun, I thanked God for all the wonderful gifts he had given me. THE END Graded and Corrected A+ paper The teacher wanted us to write an essay about something that happned in our lives. I scored a 94% on this essay due to poor punctuation, which has since been fixed.

Taxation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Taxation - Assignment Example It was the first ever increase as the highest rate of income tax in the history of UK for over three decades. In 2010,the Chancellor Alastair Darling announced the 50% tax rate. With effect from April 2010 onwards, taxable income above  £150,000 in UK will be subject to a new top rate of income tax of 50%.The 50% additional rate of income tax was announced by the erstwhile labour government in 2010 was mainly intended to rescue the UK’s economy after the 2008 financial crisis. As per HMRC data,  £10 bn was raised during the three years when the top 50% rate was in force. The present UK government has reduced the top rate to 45% with the effect from April 2013 onwards. Evidence from UK and around the globe demonstrates that punitive tax levels either 50% or 45% will result in poor revenue collection as compared to modest rates. Young & Saltiel (2013) study found that behavioural reaction to the higher tax rates is more robust, and this is likely to hurt UKs tax receipts. The 50% additional rate of income tax in UK had a bad impact on UKs economy as its architects themselves confessed that the scheme was introduced without economic objectives. Young & Saltiel (2013) found that the policy is heading for failure as it resulted in the flat growth for a decade and ended in  £350bn of lost revenue. This essay will analyse whether the UK government restore the 50% additional rate of income tax?† or not . As per Ed Balls of Labour Party, that his party will reintroduce 50% additional rate of income tax for those whose annual income is above  £150,000 if it is voted to power in the coming election. According to him, as per recent statistics, those who are earning more than  £150,000 paid  £ 10bn more by way of taxes in the last three years starting from April 2010 when the rate was 50% for them. Again, it was reduced to 45% in 2013 by the present Coalition government. As per Ed Balls, when the

Kmart Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kmart Analysis - Essay Example Kmart deals in a wide range of retail products. The company principally provides the grocery items on its retail stores along with other consumer products such as women's and kids apparels, fashion clothing, gifts, toys, baby and kids beddings, furniture, nursery products, jewelry, electronics, home appliances, fragrances, personal care items and sports, leisure and fitness goods etc ("Kmart Home", n.d.) Kmart's business operations fall under discount retailing industry. It confronts with overwhelming competition in the industry from the significant retail giants such as Wal-Mart, Target stores, Kohl's and J.C. Penney etc. Kmart has shown a comeback in the industry after the bankruptcy with a vision to deliver value to its customers and shareholders in an identical manner. It aims for constant expansion with a view to advance in terms of sale and profitability records, to enhance the efficacy and alleviate the costs, to strengthen and elevate the utilization of assets towards increasing profits etc ("Corporate History", n.d.) The following chart depicts a snapshot of K-mart's financial ratios ("Kmart Corporation", n.d.) compared to the discount retailing industry average ("Retail (Department & Discount) Industry", n.d.) along with two of its competitors i.e., Wal-Mart ("Ratios for Wal-Mart", n.d.) and Target ("Ratios for Target", n.d.), so as to provide a better insight into the company's financial position and performance with respect to that of its industry and competitors: Kmart Industry Wal-Mart Target Quick Ratio 2.0 0.26 0.13 0.89 Current Ratio 3.6 1.17 0.89 1.50 Debt to Equity 0.93 0.55 0.54 0.70 Gross Margin 25.9% 27.50% 23.17% 32.15% Net Profit Margin 5.6% 3.80% 3.49% 4.58% Return On Assets 10.1% 7.43% 8.32% 7.30% Cash Conversion Cycle 67 days 39 days 14 days 39 days An examination of the above chart straightens out a fine line between Kmart, its major competitors and the whole discount retail industry. The further in-depth interpretation and analysis of the above presented ratios is provided below to compare Kmart's financial position and performance with its competitors and other companies in the same industry: Current Ratio: The current ratio reflects the liquidity position of a company in terms of a comparison of its current assets and current liabilities. Kmart's current ratio is 3.6:1, which means that the company keeps $3.6 worth of liquid assets against every $1 worth of current liabilities. The current ratio of Kmart is much higher than that of the discount retail industry as well as Wal-Mart and Target Corporation individually. Apart from showing a sound liquidity position of the company, it emphasizes the fact that much of the company's current assets are lying idle without being invested further. Quick Ratio: An investigation of the above ratio comparison reveals that the Kmart Corporation's quick ratio is much higher than that of its industry and competitors. Kmart's quick ratio is 2.0, which shows that Kmart is much capable to pay off its short-term debts and liabilities after keeping aside the inventory than all the other companies in the industry. The difference between the current and quick ratios explicit the quantity of stock held by company, which is about 55% of the total current assets for Kmart. Debt to

Pop culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pop culture - Research Paper Example People share experiences through popular culture and achieve social solidarity. Every cultural group has its own popular culture. It plays an important role in expression of social wellbeing and cultural identity of human groups. Folk culture in America, for example, is considered part of everyone’s life. It is public as a parade and intimate as a lullaby. It is also changeable as fashion trends and constant as a ballad. It, therefore, expresses the social wellbeing and cultural identity of Americans (Fedorak, p, 3). There are so many popular culture elements that are common among cultural groups, but these groups have their own unique customs influenced by factors such as ethnic divisions, gender, and class. Different communities, for example, have different weddings, but they are all meant to symbolize the socio economic importance of joining two families and two people (Fedorak, p, 3). There are several claims about popular culture. Some of these come from ideas about the r ole of popular culture in the society. There are various areas that can be considered when it comes to the position in the society. These include; education, morality, social efficacy, Christianity and so on. Some people wonder if popular culture has a role in the education process of the young people. Some wonder if there is a connection between social efficacy and popular culture. Popular culture is at the center of societal debate and controversy. Some argue against it in different areas while others argue in support of it. Examples include: Popular culture desensitizes the way people view the society, and popular culture does not desensitize the way people view the society. Popular culture only serves to destroy American values and morals, and popular culture promotes American values and morals. Popular culture is the leading cause of peer pressure on teenagers, and popular culture is not the leading cause of peer pressure. Popular culture is a setting for the morals of a societ y, and popular culture is not a setting for the morals of the society. Popular culture is becoming more complex, and popular culture is still similar to older forms of popular culture (White & Walker, p, 1). This paper will discuss one of the claims about popular culture; popular culture only serves to destroy society values and morals. The position paper is against this claim and will give clear and logical reasons in support of; popular culture does not serve to destroy society values and morals. A Central Claim Related To Pop Culture Popular culture only serves to destroy society values and morals. Reasons In Support of the Central Claim Popular culture is that which dominates the society at a point in time and is recognized as people’s culture. It involves social life features that are most actively involved in by the public. It is determined by interactions produced by everyday activities that people involve in. These are activities such as styles of dressing, foods that people eat, greeting rituals and the use of slang. Popular culture covers the current and most immediate features of people’s lives. The features are always affected by different changes such as in technology. It is through popular culture that certain commonly held beliefs and standards are reflected. It, therefore, influences and reflects people’s everyday life. From these fundamental ideas, popular culture is described as the forms and products of identity and expression that are

Marketing Management of Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Management of Nike - Essay Example Price Nike has a premium pricing strategy and its products are largely targeted towards the premium customers (Axelby, 2003:89). The company attributes and justifies its pricing strategy by providing high quality products to the customers. The formidable brand image of Nike also acts as a decisive factor in formulating the pricing strategy. Due to the formidable brand image of the product, the customer is quite willing to pay a premium for the products of the company as it has made a distinction for quality across the markets globally. Place Nike has a multi-channel distribution strategy in which the company uses both the direct as well as the indirect channel for distribution. The company ensures a combination of all vertical channels in an attempt to amalgamate them for distribution. The company has a bricks and clicks format that involves selling products through retail outlets (both company owned and multi-brand retailers) as well as through e-commerce websites. However, the indi rect form of distribution is the primary channel of sales considering the fact that it helps in providing more value to consumers. It also gives a tangible touch to the service offering generating competitive advantage (Baiker, 2007:32). Promotions Promotions are the most vital aspect of the marketing mix of Nike as it forms the only channel of communicating with the target market audience. The promotions strategy of Nike involves use of both traditional and online channels for communication. Traditional channels include advertisements on television and print media while online channels involve use of various social networking sites.... According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the era of globalization has not only opened up new vistas for business organizations but has also created a high competition in the business markets with organizations reaching out to every market where opportunities are available. In this regard, ensuring a formidable positioning and a good marketing mix is an essential aspect that is needed to survive in this tough competitive environment. In order to remain sustainable in the market and stay ahead of the competitors, it is very essential to have a product mix that ensures a formidable image of the products or the brand in the minds of the target market segments. It is also very important to analyze the consumer behavior of the target market audience so as to have an idea about the needs and wants of the consumers. This is important as it defines the positioning of the brand which is very critical to the success of the company. The most important duty of the compa ny is to generate highest return to its shareholders that forms the ultimate aim of any organization. In this regard, the company has followed a strategy of expanding rapidly into international markets, and also seeks to formulate strategies such as outsourcing in a manner so as to help reduce cost and generate greater efficiency that can be ultimately generated as profits to be passed on to the shareholders.

Journalists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Journalists - Essay Example However, we can see that sometimes journalist are provided with instances which are unethical and distasteful. A journalism as a profession has ethics and standards and on that basis we can see that they have an obligation to protect the rights and morals of a society. The journalist being responsible for what they convey to the people they must be allowed not to cover a story they find unethical or distasteful. (Thesis) It is noticeable that most of the news content in the media is not suitable to all viewers and are malicious. Violence, abuse and vulgarity have become a common scene of news channels. As a journalist, people come across many kinds of situation in their professional life. But at times their morality and ethics would not allow them to cover such news. So they should be allowed not to cover such instances. This is about the freedom in work as the journalist must have right to work in his manner in his space. As a professional they completely understand what is instance s has the potentiality for news coverage. The journalist while doing his job also is doing a humanizing process. Journalist brings news from around the world to us. But sometimes Journalist may be forced to cover instances and events which go against the ethics like murdering situations, sexually exploiting instance and inhumane behaviors. The journalist might be unwilling to cover such situations but many be intimidated by the news channels to report it. Such conditions must not exist as it may be an invasion in to their professional conduct. A journalist can be comfortable if he is allowed to do his work in alliance with his ethical and moral perspective. They need to be given freedom to choose what they opt to cover or omit. Journalists are professional people and they have a code of ethics on which they work. Journalist is always under pressure from various sources which would make them work with much less freedom. News media is also a sort business and sometimes they are forced to cover matter which can be often unethical or distasteful to the journalist. The media channel may want to promote a particular even which may give benefits for them. A journalist should be fair and courageous in covering news and should be given choice to cover or not to cover a story. If they are allowed not to cover unethical and distasteful things then they feel content about their profession. The main issue here is every journalist has a mind of their own while they works on their story. The journalist understand the news converge makes a large impact on the audience and the society or may be world as a whole. The journalist needs to keep in consideration the emotional, ethical, religious and cultural value of people around the world. Sometimes their own religion or culture may prevent them from covering a certain event or happening. So the journalist should be allowed what he might prefer to cover. If he feels insecure and restricted the journalist might lose the creativity and interest in his work. The journalists can feel that they have no role in his job. Every story covered by a journalist is their freedom of expression. If one cannot express then one cannot be a good journalist. It is also essential to understand that unethical reports can damage the reputation of the journalist as well as the media. According to Grynko ( 2012,pg 259 -274)â€Å"As truth seekers and truth presenters, the journalists must be open and honest with their audiences†. Truthiness to the facts he is presenting and covering reports that are ethical and suitable to audience should be in the parameters of the job responsibility and obligation of journalists. The journalist shou

Advertising and promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Advertising and promotion - Essay Example 536). When it comes to a marketer, one of the most important aspects of his business function is value creation through the products or service that he is selling, and it is critically important that the value he created should be communicated to the proposed customers. The messages a marketer has to communicate may vary from firm to firm. It may be about the features, price and other significant elements of the product or service. Marketing communication is a collective term for all different types of messages that are used to establish a brand. The various communication modes are; 1- Advertising: It is non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or service by the marketer. Advertising is generally defined as spreading of information. 2- Sales Promotion: It involves variety of short-term incentives to encourage trial or purchase of a product or service. 3- Events and experiences: these are company-sponsored activities or programs designed to create brand related interact ions, 4- Personal selling: That is face-to-face interaction with one or more customers for encouraging the purchases. 5- Public Relation: It involves programs designed to promote a product or service, 6- Direct marketing: It is the use of mail, fax, telephone, internet etc to communicate with customers to make them aware of and to promote to purchasing a product or service (Duncan, 2004, p. 7- 12). The Process of Marketing Communication Communication is transmitting, receiving and processing the information. When it comes to the marketing communication, the marketer or communication agency that has been assigned by the marketer attempts to transfer an idea... The intention of this study is marketing communication as basically a marketing function by which business firms attempt to inform, persuade and remind consumers about the products that they want to sell to them. When it comes to a marketer, one of the most important aspects of his business function is value creation through the products or service that he is selling, and it is critically important that the value he created should be communicated to the proposed customers. The messages a marketer has to communicate may vary from firm to firm. It may be about the features, price and other significant elements of the product or service. Communication is transmitting, receiving and processing the information. When it comes to the marketing communication, the marketer or communication agency that has been assigned by the marketer attempts to transfer an idea or message to a receiver in a way that the receiver will be able to process the information being communicated to him. Though gener ally the marketer is the main source for giving the advertising or conducting the promotion activities, more often them marketing department is looking for an agency or organization that can help them in advertising and promotion. Advertising and promotion industry consist of large numbers of organizations such as Television channels, radio stations, new paper companies, film companies, websites and other firms that facilitate bulleting or digital billboard advertising etc.

The Physiological Effects of a Concussion on the Brain Research Paper

The Physiological Effects of a Concussion on the Brain - Research Paper Example On the basis of severity traumatic brain injury can be divided into mild, moderate and severe. Concussion or mild traumatic brain injuries are used to describe any injury in which the symptoms may or may not last. Neurologically a concussion is defined as an injury in which there is loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes and post traumatic amnesia which lasts less than 24 hours. Concussions usually have good prognostic value as usually patient leads to full recovery. A concussion can cause pathophysiological changes to the brain in which there are metabolic and ionic processes due to the twisting of axons (Silver et al 3-6). A concussion occurs due to mild trauma to the brain. The cascades of physiological events that occur are an injury which is followed by abrupt neuronal depolarization. The depolarization excites the neurotransmitters and causes their releases which in turn lead to ionic misbalance and disruption in glucose metabolism. Coupling of neurotransmitters that are excitatory like the coupling of glutamate and the receptor of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor results in additional depolarizing of the neuron with the ejection of potassium ions and inflow of calcium ions. This alteration in the balance of ions results in fluctuations in the physiology of the brain cells which may be acute or subacute. To counter the potassium-calcium misbalance, the pump of sodium and potassium starts to works with an increase need in ATP’s. This causes an increase in the glucose metabolism and ends in an energy crisis. Axonal twisting and stretching has proved to be the core pathology in the occurre nce of a concussion. The metabolic events that occur post traumatically are uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism which results in energy emergency. Injection of calcium ions leads to impaired oxidative metabolism. Another physiological change affecting the motor functions of the brain is decreased

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example for Free

Abraham Lincoln Essay Poetry is written to be heard the way a song is meant to be sung. Poetry has been around for ages and enjoyed from children to adults alike. Poetry is not just words on paper that imparts data; it is much more than that. Poetry is an art form that in order to be fully understood, one has to be able to analyze read between the lines. Analyzing poetry can be a daunting task. One may have to read the poem several times with a dictionary handy, just to get an idea what the poem is about. Some poems are made of elaborate statements while only using as few words as possible. The beauty of poetry is being able to visualize what the writer is trying to communicate to the reader and putting it into their own words and scenario. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz,† by Theodore Roethke can be interpreted in many ways. At first, it can be construed as a child writing about his alcoholic father and the pain that was inflicted on the small boy by the father’s actions. After rereading the poem, the reader can actually see that the father is frolicking about with his son, he may have had a little too much to drink, but that does not depict alcoholism nor abuse. Roethke was shattered when his father died suddenly of a heart attack, when the young man was only fifteen years old. This poem shows him reminiscing about the good times he had with father. â€Å"White Lies,† by Natasha Tretheway is a touching poem about a young girl dealing with her skin color and trying to find acceptance in a judgmental world. A reader can feel the little girl’s pain, loneliness, shame, and fear as the poem is read. Tretheway mentions colors several times in the poem, which alerts the reader on the importance of color throughout. â€Å"I could easily tell the white folk/that we lived uptown, / not in that pink and green/ shanty-fied shotgun section/ along the tracks.† (7-11) for a little girl to feel so ashamed of whom she is and where she came from is heartbreaking and Tretheway put it into perfect detail. â€Å"My Childhood-Home I See Again,† by Abraham Lincoln is a two-part poem that  deals with the issue of memory and having a sense of ourselves in relation to the past. Lincoln used descriptive words to pull the reader into his life and see what it was like for him to grow up. Lincoln wrote the poem after visiting his home of Pigeon Creek, Indiana in 1844. Twelve years after the poem was written, Abraham Lincoln was elected the sixteenth president of the United Sates. Poetry can tell a story about many things. The poet has a story to tell. How the reader interrupts that story is up to them. The reader may not get out of the poem what the poet put into it. Works Cited: My Childhood-Home I See Again-Lincoln http://potw.org/archive/potw325.html A Short Guide to Reading Poetry http://garts.latech.edu/owl/literature/poetryguide.htm Kennedy, X.J. and Gioia, Dana. Backpack Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. 2nd Edition New York: Pearson Longman 2008

Study On Exxon Mobil Corporation Management Essay

Study On Exxon Mobil Corporation Management Essay Exxon Mobil Corporation is a multinational oil and gas company that is based in America. Its a descendant at of the Rockefellers standard oil company and it was formed in 1999 from the merger of the Exxon and Mobil companies. Its headquartered in Irving, Texas. The company is one of the worlds largest publicly traded companies and has been ranked the number one or number two for the last five years. By the end of the year 2007 the companys reserves stood at 72 million oil equivalent barrels while its production rates were expected to last for more than 14 years. The company has 37 oil refineries in more than 21 countries constituting a combined daily refinery of approximately 66.3 million barrels. Exxon Mobil is recognized as the worlds largest refineries and this title has been associated with the former standard oil since the in corporation in the 1870s. In addition to that the company is largest of the six recognized oil super majors. Exxon Mobil owns hundreds of other similar subsidiaries including the imperial oil limited in Canada and the sea river maritime which is a petroleum shipping company. Functionally the company is organized into several global operating categories including the upstream, down stream, chemical Exxon Mobil global services company, XTO and finally the imperial oil Core Business Exxon Mobil petroleum industry continue to operate as a major brand name of the Exxon Mobil and most of its products features the Mobils symbol of winged red rose, the Pegasus companys brand name since it got affiliated with the Magnolia petroleum company in 1930s. The company Mobil brands include the Mobil service station and fuel (diesel, gasoline, kerosene, heating oil, marine and aviation divisions. The Mobils brand covers a wider range of lubricants which include industrial, commercial aviation as well as marine. Another brand of the company is the Mobil 1 which is a brand Exxon Mobil which was introduced in 1974 and is includes, oil filters, multi-grade motor oils, transmission fluid, synthetic grease and finally the gear lubricants. In addition to that Mobil delvac is a brand consisting of range of heavy duty lubricants that include drive train lubricants, engine oils and greases. Some of the Exxon Mobil businesses that generate most of its revenue are the upstream division basically dealing with oil exploration, oil extraction, shipping as well as wholesale of its operations and headquartered in Houston Texas. The business operation dominates the companys cash flow and accounts for a whooping seventy percent of the total revenue. The upstream business division includes the Exxon Mobil exploration company, Development Company, Production Company, gas and power, marketing company, research marketing and finally the upstream ventures. Exxon Mobil has been successful for decades after the merger and this is attributed to its strategic plane to immensely reduce its costs which worked quite well making it one of the worlds leaders in business enterprises. Thee company has realised a continued growth and success in its operations partly because of its two century experiences in the industry and party to increased efficiency in all of its operations in more than 200 countries globally. Success of Exxon Mobil has been witnessed from the year 2007 which the company recorded an income of 40.62 billion dollars or revenue and this increase is mainly attributed to the escalating oil prices while at same time decreased actual oil equivalent by 1% mainly due to expropriation. In the year 2008 Exxon Mobil; recoded profits of $45.22 billion therefore becoming one of the profitable company of the year and fortune magazine ranks it the second of the 500 companies. Its profits in the year 2008 increased by 11.4 percent over the previous year 2007 making able to pull $443 billion in revenues. As of the year 2010 Exxon Mobil the company had already occupied five slots of the possible ten slots on the largest corporate annual earning. In addition to that it claimed eight slots of ten slots for the largest corporate quarterly earnings of all time. Corporate responsibility When it comes to issues regarding corporate responsibility Exxon Mobil oil industry has been a main contributor as it regards to environmental causes. For instance in the year 2007 the company donated more than $6.6 million to be utilized in social groups as well as the environmental management and conservation. The company has in the recent past come under heavily critism especial regarding its contribution to global warming and its has been often attacked by environmental lobby groups like the Greenpeace and other institutional investor who disagree with the companys attention on the issues of global warming. The company has been ranked by the political research institute as the sixth among other cooperation who emit air pollutants in United States and such tanking was based on quantity as well as the toxicity of such emission. In the year 2005 Exxon Mobil was found to have committed less than one percent of its profits in project targeted towards research for alternative sources o f energy a value which is less as compared to other leading oil companies in the world (Larson Wiggins, 1959). Crisis management Many companies have in one way or the other faced crises beyond their control but few fall under the corporate irresponsibility and Exxon Mobil has not in the recent past been spared either. In 1989 one of the companys Exxon Valdez oil tankers ran aground and spilled oil on the Prince William Sound and in short time it had spilled significant amounts of oil and is cause was blamed on intoxicated crew staff members. In reaction to that the company was blamed for being slow in curbing the crises and accused of refusing to communicate openly and effectively. In addition to that the showed no effective strategic measure in case of worst scenarios like the oil spill. The disaster led to massive oils spill resulting to greater environmental consequences. Mechanisms of the company in handling of the disaster were a failure mainly because of disastrous communications, poorer leadership after the events and ineffective systems in place to deal with such crises. Such dater led to damaged reput ation and slipped from the largest oil company in the world to the third position (Exxon Corporation, 1982). In addition to that the company has also face several other crises including the Exxons Brooklyn oil spill and the increasing environmental concerns of the Sakhalin-I oil and gas project located in Russian far east which is operated by one the Exxon Mobil subsidiary, Exxon Neftegas Limited. Threats to environment includes the endearment of the critical populations of the already endangered western Gray whale which the scientist have blamed the company for failing to corporate with the scientific panel which certainly play critical role in impeding the cause of western whale conservation (Larson Popple, 1971). Exxon Mobil has also been accused for funding sceptic organizations of the anthropogenic global warming as well as organization critical of the Kyoto protocol which are very sceptical of the scientific opinion regarding the cause of global warming by burning of fuels. The company however has in the recent years reputed his former opinion regarding the effects of global warming and stated appreciation to the seriousness of the issues. The companys commitment was evident when it withdrew from funding of sceptic groups in the year 2007 as revealed by the Greenpeace. In addition to that Exxon Mobil CEO Tillerson in February 3rd 2007 also acknowledged the warming of the earth and the increasing levels of carbon dioxide. Contrary to the companys initial adamant response to research on alliterative fuels the year 2010 saw a ray of light on the issue when the company unveiled plans to invest funds amounting to $600 million in the next ten years in the production of bio fuels from algae and one year on reports from the company indicate that the project is successfully underway (McIntyre, 1998). Strategy Exxon Mobil industry has been focusing its strategic plans to reach the merging markets attributed to increasing energy demand in the world for instance in Indian and china. In addition to that the company has also been focusing in penetrating into the increased energy demands in developing economies like the ones in south eats Asia as well as south east Asian regions like Malaysia, Korea, Indonesia and Vietnam (Gibb, Knowlton, 1956). Core strengths Exxon Mobil has several core strengths which has enabled it reaming a successful leader in the oils and gas industry for quite consistently. One of its strengths is its established name which is attributed to its long existence in the industry for mote than a decade hence giving its customers a since of security when they are dealing with the organization. The fact that the company has diversified in to many countries globally coupled with strong brands under its main umbrella group in the oil industry is one of its core strength sin successful operation of its business activities. In addition to the company has a global presence which has enabled it to have a large customer base and larger market as compared to other companies in the oil and gas industry. Final core strength that Exxon Mobil company posses in the industry is its ability to extend to newer emerging markets like India and china as a result of exponentially increasing demand for energy thus the company has greatly prof ited from the higher rates as compared to other companies. Company innovativeness Exxon Mobil Company ha sin the recent past been very innovative especially on the side of allocating funds on research and development projects aimed at coming up with more effective as well as efficient ways of managing the energy resources as well as reducing the negative effects of its operations to the environment. The company has also been very innovative on formulation and implantation of its strategic plans especially those geared towards adoption of new technology as well as improving its corporate citizenship through appropriate crisis management as well as communication management strategies which have served to alleviate past negative public image (Hidy Muriel, 1955). Vision, Mission, Goals Exxon Mobil Corporation is very committed to becoming the worlds premier petroleum and petrochemical company hence its continuous objectives of achieving superior and operating results while at same time being able to adhere to the high ethical standards. The stated principles are used by the company to guide its relationships with its shareholders, customers, communities and employees (Bender Tammy, 1999) The company is focusing on delivering reliable supply of high quality lubricants and to provide technical application expertise to its customers around the globe. In addition to that the company ahs always been dedicated to delivering of outstanding products and services to its customers and it has been able to achieve that through excellent practices and procedure that have helped in protection of the companys quality and world class brands across all the lines of its businesses. Employee motivation Exxon Mobil motivates its LS representatives by engaging them in numerous industry activities that are related to product performance standards and testing thus motivating them to strive from an industry level playing field with products integrity principles that are always consistent with the companys standards. Another way in which the company has been able to motivate its employees is by hiring competent and experience employees especially those who help further the company commitment to technology leadership in the industry. Employees include vast array of technical degree holders in science, engineering as well as in mathematics. Finally the company motivate its employees by conducting training and development to maximize on their opportunities while at same time maintaining a safe work environment which is enriched with diversity characterized by open communication, fair treatment and trust. Employer desirability: Given an opportunity I will be more than willing to work in the Exxon Mobil Corporation because their work staffs is well experienced and skilled personnel who are highly motivated in what they do thus reduced level of tress at work place. In addition to that the company has employee motivating activities like training that enable each an employee to advance in his career while becoming satisfied at work place.

Manliness, Hostility, and Aggression in A View From the Bridge Essay

Manliness, Hostility, and Aggression in A View From the Bridge Arthur Miller’s ‘A View from the Bridge’ represents the ideas of manliness and how the perception of certain individuals (Eddie) affects the lives of their fellow friends and family. The play is based around the views of the play’s protagonist, Eddie. His analysis of the male personality leads to conflict when other males, in this case Rodolpho, do not conform to his ideas of manliness. Hostility, aggression and masculinity are the main themes which influence the mood of the play and the way they are associated with each other allow an increase in tension in the minds of the reader. Eddie is the play’s main character who has very distinct views on what a man should be like. He feels it is necessary for a man to be aggressive and to use violence in order to state his authority and power. This is evident when he asks Catherine â€Å"What’s the high heels for, Garbo?† Eddie asks this in a very sarcastic manor, however, he is fully aware that he wants things his own way. Eddie also considers bravery and the reputation of the male to be vital in a man’s personality. This is shown by the way he battles Marco nearer the end of the play, not to make friends but to restore his reputation. The language in which Arthur Miller employs when Eddie is speaking tends to be fairly provocative for the person he is addressing, particularly with the way he has primarily been shown to ask or talk to other people in a challenging manner. This is evident when Eddie refers to Rodolpho as â€Å"fruit†; â€Å"aint right† and â€Å"no good†. These quotes show no manners what so ever and portray a very negative approach indicating confrontation to the reader. However the quote â€Å"sees the... ...is carefree personality shows us how life should be lived. Arthur Miller’s views on masculinity are introduced into the character of Alfieri, through this character he reveals how he feels â€Å"it is better to settle for half.† This means settling for what is available to you having worked out a compromise. With his perception on manliness he includes Eddie, Marco and Rodolpho. These three characters portray Miller’s views on masculinity on three different levels, showing that Marco being in between Eddie and Rodolpho is the real man as he enforces violence when need be and also being in touch with his feminine side shown by his family values. Miller has Eddie killed by Marco at the end; this is a metaphor and a sign of the real man winning in his eyes and believes that living the life of Eddie will not allow you to achieve everything you ever want in life.

Process Essay - How to Recognize and Eliminate Macro Viruses

Process Essay - How to Recognize and Eliminate Macro Viruses Imagine starting up your computer only to see the image on the screen melt while eerie music plays. The hard drive crunches away. What is it doing in there? Before you turn off the machine, most of your files have been deleted. Your computer is the victim of a computer virus. But where did the virus come from? It may have been that game you borrowed or, more likely, it came from an electronic document. Most viruses infect programs, but newer viruses can infect documents as well. This is the case with macro viruses that infect Microsoft Word files. In fact, the number of these viruses has increased from 40 in 1996 to over 1,300 in 1998. Anyone who reads Word files created by others can be at risk. Infected documents spread easily and quickly, especially in environments where documents are shared. What is a macro virus? A macro virus is a program that infects documents and spreads by copying itself. When a document containing a macro virus is opened on your computer, the virus copies itself into something called the global template, which is used to save Word settings. Once this template is infected, all documents you save will contain the virus. If you distribute an infected document, the virus will spread even further. Besides making copies of themselves, viruses can have other harmful effects. They can delete or change document contents, change Word settings, set passwords on your documents so that you can’t read them, or delete all of your files the next time you start your computer. How can I tell if my computer has a macro virus? Many viruses are so good at covering their tracks that you may not even realize they are t... ...e all macros found in a document. Unless you need to use the macros in a document, you should disable them. †¢ Make the normal.dot file read-only. This file is where viruses reside in an infected system. A virus can’t copy itself into this file if it is read-only. Here is how to do this in Windows 98: - First click the Start button, then click Find, and then click Files or Folders. - Type â€Å"normal.dot† into the Named box and then click Find Now. - At the bottom of the window should be the normal.dot file with an icon next to it. Click on this file with the right mouse button and then click Properties. - Check the Read-only box and click OK. Preventing macro viruses is easy compared to the amount of time and frustration involved in removing them. For more information on macro virus prevention, read the Macro Virus FAQ at http://www.look.com/mfaq.html.

The Yellow Wall Paper -- essays research papers

Stettler   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hour 5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2/15/00   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modern Lit. Essay #1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early twentieth century a writers work usually represented ones surroundings. In the stories â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charolotte Gilman there are examples of their immediate surroundings taking affect in there writings. In most cases a person becomes what there surroundings are because that was the way they were raised. A person’s family, friends, neighborhood and every day things will shape and mold ones morals and character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the narrator is also the author. Charolotte Gilman writes about her struggle with insanity. The story takes place in a house in the countryside. Johns plan was to get his wife away from all the hust...

Sadies perspective paper

I never thought of before. Brainstorm Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck Crooks African American and physically disabled Elementally challenged Curly wife how women were treated Thesis Statement The author, John Steinbeck in his book Of Mice and Men helped my understanding and interpretation of how women were treated in the time that this b ask was written through the character Curler's wife.They were lonely, misunderstood and mi striated. Title Brainstorm Woman's problem Woman's woes Outline for UP Essay Introduction Hook (Quote, universal Statement, Question, etc. ) to get your reader interested in the general topic Have you ever been judged by the way you look or what you do? And as a result you w ere mistreated.Transition/ Smoothing Sentence(s) to show the connection between your hook and your primary focus of your essay Thesis Statement to narrow your focus to the point you are arguing (sometimes with t ere mall points provided to clarify your focus) The author, John Steinbeck in hi s book Of Mice and Men helped my understanding and interpretation of how woman were treated in the time that this book was written through the character, Curlers wife.They were lonely, misunderstood and mistreated. 1st Main Idea: lonely Topic Sentence Woman In the asses were lonely like Curler's wife. Supporting Details/ Evidence (including examples and, if a literary analysis essay, quotes)

Influence of Information systems Essay

This research investigates the influence of Information system at Human Resource and what are their impacts on organizational performance. Organizations are moving faster towards the Information Technology and adapt more and more advancements of Information Technologies. In today’s context none of the organization can survive without Information technology. Every organization has developed or either purchased information systems to support their business functionalities in order to face the competitive advantages. Most of the organizations are investing on Information Systems, thinking that it would help to increase the performance of their organization. Will the Information system can alone increase the performance of the organization? What impact has this on Human Resource of the Organization? These are questions that today’s Organization having today. Even though the Organizations is implemented the advance information system purchased or developed in-house supports â€Å"Without a doubt, advancement in technology has had a huge impact on organizations across the globe over the last few decades. It has impacted a range of sectors of the economy on diverse levels chiefly in the financial, educational entertainment, direct sales retailing, and healthcare and information sectors. By and large, its impact is evident on any activity that relies heavily on communication and information flow, lowering the cost of communication† – Child (2009). With the rapid development of the technology, advancement of the information systems should be upgraded. Is the advancement of technology applied or used by the organization is another question. Will these information system satisfied users requirements or are they being underutilized should be the major concern. How far these information system supports and helpful to the internal employees should address thoroughly in order to learn how effective these technologies are using in the current situation. As many of the organization Commercial Credit and Finance PLC is looking forward to survive in the rapidly changing economic system while competing with other giants in the industry. IT is becoming the most vital role for the organization and its a must reason to have a good Information System which will have pos itive impact towards its human resource. IT alone cannot drive a business a success. Human Resource is also equally important as IS in gaining  competitive advantage. Employees expecting to grow team work, quality of their work and fulfillment of the life for a better establishment in the work place. â€Å"Shifting demographic patterns, the pace of technological change, and the path of economic globalization — will evolve over the next 10-15 years. Then, they consider the implications of these trends for key aspects of the future workforce and workplace, including the size, composition, and skills of the workforce; the nature of work and workplace arrangements; and worker compensation† – Lynn Karoly and Constantijn Panis (2004) According to the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Annual report of 2012 (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2013), there are sixty non-banking finance companies operating in a fiercely competitive environment. All these companies are working on a 646 billion rupee cumulative asset base that is left behind by the government and private Banks. This highly competitive environment has brought about a sense of dynamism to the industry where organizations such as the one being assessed are either perpetrators or victims of replication or imitation. In this sense firms must constantly renew their products, skills and capabilities. Instead of doing this in a haphazard manner resulting in being a follower it is important for firms in such a competitive arena to look at innovation and the capabilities it requires in a structured way that would earn its due rents. In this age of portability and technology driven market place, these financial organizations depend heavily on their shared information technology departments to deliver value through pointing in the right direction. On the other end is an IT department that is more inclined to do the daily firefighting and has exhausted its resources by simply sticking to day to day activities. There is a standoff between senior management trying to make sense of IT investments in the form of new innovations to help keep up with its competitors and the information technology departments who don’t see themselves as drivers of innovation but back office functions. The research site concerned has seen tremendous growth and success in the industry within the past thr ee years with a net profit rise of fifteen fold (Commercial Credit & Finance PLC, 2013). Unfortunately in keeping with this momentum the firm has faced its share of difficulties with IT related innovations where budget overruns and high time  to market has severely affected the firm’s performance in some aspects. Research Objectives 1. To identify how effective the firm is in using information system 2. To identify how information systems affects firms performance 3. Explore the impact of the information systems on human resource of the company 4. To identify impact of human resource for Organization Performance

Parent’s Role in Children’s Education Essay

COURES CODE: CS 1111, Registration No: 1212129, NAME: TALHASHAKEEL, SECTION: BS/CS1-A ROLE OF PARENTS IN CHILDREN EDUCATION Parents are their children's first teachers. It is from parents that children learn about their culture, values, and language. Parents play a very valuable role in their children's education in and out of the classroom. Because of this reason, parents need to take on the challenge and provide their children the tools they will need in order to be successful in school and life.Education does not only involve acquiring academic qualifications it also    involves learning how to be a productive member of society, it involves how to behave in social settings, it involves learning how to figure everyday problems, and so much more. By talking to their children, parents can help them increase their vocabulary, they help their children in their receptive and expressive language, and they help their children feel empowered. Also, parents that talk with their children b uild lasting positive and strong relationships.A basic role of parents is to provide physical security for their children. Medical attention is one of the components of a physically secure environment. Another role of the parent is to provide intellectually stimulating environments. There are two things parents can do to help their children. The first is to read to their children every day and the second is to expose their children to many different things. Parents can provide great experience for their children. For instance, reading with or to their children is an excellent activity.Reading increases vocabulary, reading at home can help children learn to enjoy reading and increase reading ability. Parents can take trips to museums in order to increase interest and knowledge of children. Parents have a great deal of responsibility. They are their children's first teacher. It is from parents, children can learn their culture, social skills, life skills, and get exposed to many exper iences. Parents must be willing to take on the challenge of exposing their children

Personal Professional Effectiveness Essay

Confidentiality can be defined quite simply as a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information, but in this assessment, we are trying to draw the connection between confidentiality and the links it as to my specific field of nursing as also the substantial impact it as on my role. Being more precise than broaden in defining what confidentiality means in my field of work, patient confidentiality is when the right of an individual patient to have personal, identifiable medical information kept private; such information should be available only to the physician of record and other health care and insurance personnel as necessary. It safeguards personal and/or medical information given to a health care provider making sure that it will not be disclosed to others unless the patient has given informed consent. This is becoming extremely difficult to ensure in an age of electronic medical records and third-party insurance payers, which is why I have chosen to choses to theme especially, to express my own concerns. The main focus of this assignment is to amplify our knowledge and understanding of the profession, ethical and legal issues that are associated with providing good care to patients in a health and care setting. This assignment is aimed to look at the issue of confidentiality, which is a highly imperative topic to use when I practice. I thought it was essential to write about confidentiality as it is something that everyone is entitled to, but don’t necessarily get which goes against some of the acts and legislations that will later be talked about further into the assignment. I defiantly want to single out this topic in relation to older adults. Through my training, which I admit I have done a few times myself; we forget that some adults do not have the ability to apply confidentiality to themselves. For example, a patient has asked for their moist bed sheets to be changed due to an accident that they had and repeating that information to others without taking the patients thoughts or feelings into consideration may have an substantial effect. Easy mistake, however confidentiality needs to be upheld to the highest and applied at all times. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2009), The Code: Standards of conduct (2008) enthuses, guides nurses, and midwifes to allow people to have the right knowledge about who they share information with and how we would go about it to provide the right care. It also enforces that we must disclose information if necessary, if we are to think the patient might be at risk or a risk to someone else, which entwines with the Data protection Act (1998) which will later be discussed. Guides such as these can defiantly influence the level of care in a positive way and the way we work with confidentiality. Accountability According to the NMC, The Code its states that as professionals/ student nurses we are liable for our own actions and omissions in our health and care setting, alongside being able to justify the reasons for making these decisions. This is also supported by Griffith and Tengnah (2010) which acknowledges the same grounds. In terms of confidentiality and accountability, I will be using the defined subject of record keeping as I think it is a key factor towards good practice.â€Å" Accountability is integral to professional practice. As nurses, we do make many decisions and it is important that we take responsibility to maintain that care. We are duty bound by the policies and procedures that administrate our health and care profession. It is important that I know my limitations and know that once this relationship is established we have a duty of care to ensure that we provide what is expected. If this is breached, we can cause injury to our patients and as a student nurse my mentor and myself are accountable for my actions as they oversee the care that I give towards the patient at hand. â€Å"The law imposes a duty of care on practitioners, whether they are HCAs, APs, students, registered nurses, doctors or others, when it is ‘reasonably foreseeable’ that they might cause harm to patients through their actions or  their failure to act (Cox, 2010).† The patients look up to us and are dependent on our expertise and knowledge by placing their health and wellbeing in our hands (Department of Health 2003). It is essential that we don’t abuse and neglect this trust as it will can cause additional problems to both the nurse and the patients. For example, the patients may avoid getting further treatments or being seen by a health service because of the negative experience that they have had previously before. Ethics Ethics is a philosophy that identifies between right and the wrong acts or decision that is in relation to an individual. How we all interpret, ethics will be different to the next as it is rather an individual principal he/she may lives by. Ethics is universal and is used in every profession; however it is built on our own morals and values. The NMC does not state specifically about ethics, however through the acts, our governing body has provided laws and legislations, implying that ethics should be included throughout nursing. It’s a certain code that should be followed but due to people’s morals and values it’s sometimes dismissed and not up taken to its highest importance. There are certain elements of confidentiality that are not fully covered by the law are things such as gossiping about what a friend had discussed with you. Ethically it’s argued that what that individual done was wrong but because the law does not cover it, it may not be seen as something serious. However discussing professional issues, information that has been discussed with you by a patient in your professional role is against the code of conduct which is covered by the NMC. We have to safeguard our patients. Disclosing patients information is also against the law, and if found guilty the nurse is most likely to be suspended following investigation and if the severity of the claim is over-whelming then he/she will be fired. Law’s such as HIPAA (1996) guidelines (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) protects the privacy of the patient’s personal information allowing identifiable information private. The guideline like the one all the other laws regulate that states that those who do not comply can either be suspended whilst investigations are carried out or be relieved  of their duty completely. In twining both law and ethics, we have a duty to disclose any information that we might have about their health, progress or risks etc. They have the right to know and we cannot take that right away from them because we think different, by discussing these disclosures the ethical principle or B Beneficence found by Beauchamp and Childress (2008) suggests that we should allow them to access this information to benefit them and empower our patients. Beauchamp and Childress (2008) suggests’ that there are four principles that can possibly structure a guide when looking at ethical decision making. These four consists of Autonomy, Non-maleficence, Beneficence and also Justice which they consider to be at the centre of the health and social profession. It proposes that there are three types of rules for guiding actions when using it. Some of the imperative and substantive rules consist of truth telling, confidentiality which is our main focus in this assignment, privacy and fidelity. Authority rules are the ones that favour who are capable and ought to perform those actions. Finally, it states that Procedural rules establish procedures to be followed. Non-maleficence obliges that no harm should be caused and forced onto patients whether it was intentionally inflicted or by accident. Non-maleficence can easily be linked with confidentiality as having poor confidentiality can be regarded as clinical carelessness and negligence which can cause harm to the patients. Having inappropriate undisclosed information breaches the duty of care. The NMC (2010) states that safeguarding is a part of our daily nursing practices in whatever setting we happened to be in. In addition to that, as a nurse whether we are qualified or not it’s part of our role to be too able to identify when something is unsuitable and manage situations effectively. This can be because a person that is in my care is at risk, whether they have been mistreated or neglect and also if there has been poor practice. This can link closely with The Mental Capacity Act (2005), making sure that we are taking note of autonomy if they not able to have the right mental capaci ty. However, through my training I have come across myself breaching confidentially. This was not an intentional act but after the shift, I still managed to have the handover sheet for that day still slipped into my side pocket without realising when I got home. This breaches confidentiality as that information should not have been taken outside the ward, and if someone else found it, it could put that patient at risk. In addition to that I am encouraging patients information to be disclosed to people they font know. Upon noticing this, I realised straight away of the consequences and made sure that I disclosed of the information properly. On the other hand, Beneficence refers to actions that are implemented that can possibly contribute and help the well-being of others. It holds two principles which is that positive beneficence necessitates the provision of benefits and also utility requires that the benefits and drawbacks are balanced. The main thing that we should give to every patient is respect and autonomy which allows them to have a freedom of choice. We, as professionals should not discharge that even if it came to a situation where we disagreed. A good example of this is during my practice I’ve seen that to some abortion might be seen as wrong ethically, however, the law accepts it making it legal to do. We cannot tamper with that, and if a riot was formed against it, it would be seen as an act against the law and would be taken seriously as they are disturbing the peace. It’s hard to judge sometimes what is wrong from right but we have to stick to the rules that are placed before us. Law Patients have a right to expect that information about them will be held in confidence by their doctors/nurses. You must treat information about patients as confidential, including after a patient has died. This duty of confidence is derived from common law the decisions of the Courts and statues which are passed in parliament. The common law of confidentiality applies to anyone who discloses information in a way that constitutes a breach of confidence. Common law are hardly written in statutes but as been established by court decisions over time which to me indicate that a breach  of confidence will be unlawful if the data is not in the public domain. It is in some way sensitive or significant the data was obtained in circumstances when an obligation to keep it in confidence might be expected (a good example is nurse -patient relationship). Use of the data is unauthorised but that a breach may be lawful if justified by being in the public interest, if a data use is not a breach of confidence then it will normally also not constitute and infringement of the right to respect for private life under the Human Rights Act 1998. Even if a data use is not a breach of confidence, you will still need to be sure you comply with the conditions of the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA). Similarly, compliance with the DPA does not necessarily guarantee that there can be no breach of confidence. Now in relation to statues on confidentiality you must disclose information to satisfy a specific statutory requirement, such as notification of a known or suspected case of certain infectious diseases. Various regulatory bodies have statutory powers to access patients’ records as part of their duties to investigate complaints, accidents or health professionals’ fitness to practise. You should satisfy yourself that any disclosure sou ght is required by law or can be justified in the public interest. Many regulatory bodies have codes of practice governing how they will access and use personal information. Most if profession if not all abide by the data protection act (1998) it governs the processing of information that identifies living individuals. Processing includes holding, obtaining, recording, using and disclosing of information and the Act applies to all forms of media, including paper and electronic. Poor record keeping is inexcusable and unprofessional by any reasonable and sensible person. A health professional record is the only this that is a legal nonverbal form of communication which is conformation of the care that has been given to that patient. Which links back to accountability, by using record keeping effectively their professional accountability won’t be judged and questioned. The courts embrace that if there is no identification or it has been recorded, it simply has not been taken place (Owen, 2005) Other legislations for example The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990), The Mental Capacity Act (2005) and The Computer Misuse Act (1990), all have their individual importance but the  one that relates more to my field in nursing is disclosure. Relating back to my time in practice I myself have seen the data protection act broken several times. I came across a nurse who was giving out unwanted information to a member of public, even though it was a family member of the gentleman it was not accepted as he did not agreed to this. The Nursing Midwifery Council defined disclosure as the giving of information. One aspect of privacy is supposed to be that individuals have the right to control access to their own personal health information. Disclosure is only lawful and ethical if the individual has given consent to the information being passed on such consent must be freely and fully given. Consent to disclosure of confidential information maybe explicitly implied required by law or capable of justification due to the public interest. The NMC states, ‘The common law of confidentiality reflects that people have a right to expect that information given to a nurse or midwife is only used for the purpose for which it was given and will not be disclosed without permission’. According to the NMC it identifies that confidentiality is a fundamental part of professional practice that protects human rights which is identified in article 8 (right to respect for private and family life). Therefore, it meant not respecting the clients wishes and also defeating the act. I have also seen on a few occasions members of staff not logging out of the system, with patients information there on the screen for anyone to look at. This information is secure for a reasons and not logging out can be an easy mistake on a busy ward. Nevertheless, it is essential to keep that information to those who are permitted to see it. However, there are times where information can be disclosed under the law. Such as the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) which permits healthcare professionals to pass on data and information to the police if they believe that someone may be of been harmed or more fatal, death, may occur if the police are not informed. This links closely with safeguarding and also accountability. Due to the professional duty we have we have to report these kinds of things if observed. Disclosure to third parties is when information is shared with other people that are not directly linked with the individuals care. Nurses have to ensure that those of the third party are informed properly. . People in the care of a nurse or midwife have a right to object to the use and disclosure of confidential information in this case. However, it’s essential  that they need to be made aware of this and completely understand its implications and backfires. Information that can possibly identify individual’s information that is in the care of a nurse must not be used or disclosed. Conclusion In conclusion, from undertaking this assignment I am now able to apply the knowledge that I have gained from this important topic into practice. It has allowed me to see how simple and easily confidentiality can be broken when not focussing on what’s important which is the patient. Their needs need to go first whether it’s their health, their safety or their care. I am in a privileged position where I am respected and trusted by others it’s imperative that it is not abused under any circumstance. It’s essential that I implement these acts and legislations when caring for my clients so I can give them the best quality of care possible. I was able to develop an awareness of my own and others professionals role and boundaries in safeguarding individuals that may be vulnerable. The three elements that were discussed, accountability, law and ethics are the heart of nursing. Directing our attention on these elements can help to support to create boundaries and moralities in the health and care setting, making it a more safer and reliable with accountable staff. As a nurse I would need to be competent to deal with professional issues, ethical and legal issues that I may come across during my training. I have produced a SWOT analysis table to devise my learning from this assignment. Strengths: Weaknesses: Able to use information to the best of its ability and apply it to certain situations such as when to know how to safeguard a patient, disclose information etc. Trying to uncover problems and knowing how to report it as its part of my duty of care. Be able to demonstrate that I am making sure that the patients that I am caring for are my first concern and priority. Being able to be focussed at all times to notice when I might break confidentiality, for example taking a handover sheet home by accident and not disposing of it properly. Not be able to be confident at periods to engage with other members to tell them if I have seen confidentiality being broken as I might think it might lead myself to be in trouble Having the confidence to tell someone that is senior that what they are doing is wrong (such as a mentor or colleague), it might shape my learning in practice differently Opportunities: Threats: It allows me to strengthen my knowledge about the Acts, Laws and Legislations and apply them. Allows me to research and read about other laws, acts and legalisations that I can implement into my practice Able me to witness different types of situations through the experiences where confidentiality might have been broken Working in a team will allow me to take on and digest different peoples personality and behaviours, which I can apply to my everyday life and also most importantly my work in how they keep confidentiality In me being able to analysis certain situation and give my best evaluation on certain problems I think it will help me judge on good and bad situations and how to deal with them To understand that people around me can lead me to break confidentiality, so making sure that I notice these things because I can be involved without knowing Reference Adrian O’Dowd. (2013). HCAs and patient confidentiality. Available: http://www.nursingtimes.net/whats-new-in-nursing/unison/hcas-and-patient-confidentiality/5000408.article. Last accessed 24th May 2013. Anne Mehnke. (2010). Managing a breach in patient confidentiality. Available: http://journals.lww.com/nursingcriticalcare/Fulltext/2010/07000/Managing_a_breach_in_patient_confidentiality.12.aspx. Last accessed 22rd May 20013. British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy. (2013). Respecting privacy and confidentiality. Available: http://www.bacp.co.uk/ethical_framework/ETHICAL%20FRAMEWORK%20(BSL%20VERSION)/Respectingprivacyandconfidentiality%20.php. Last accessed 24th May 2013. College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia. (2010). Privacy and Confidentiality.Available: https://www.crnbc.ca/Standards/Lists/StandardResources/400ConfidentialityPracStd.pdf. Last accessed 22rd May 20013. D, Marijke . (2013). HIPAA Privacy Rule & Patient Confidentiality.Available: http://nu rsinglink.monster.com/education/articles/2370-hipaa-privacy-rule-patient-confidentiality. Last accessed 24th May 2013. E Notes. (2013). Patient Confidentiality. Available: http://www.enotes.com/patient-confidentiality-reference/patient-confidentiality-172269. Last accessed 24th May 2013. General Medical Counsil. (2009). Confidentiality. Available: http://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/ethical_guidance/confidentiality.asp. Last accessed 22rd May 20013. Health and human development. (2013). Theoretical Approaches To Health Care Ethics. Available: http://www.personal.psu.edu/dxm12/n458/index.htm. Last accessed 22rd May 20013. Legislation.gov. (2013). Computer Misuse Act 1990. Available: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/18/contents. Last accessed 20th May

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Medical Tests and the Ethical Implications Associated with It - Case Study Example The researcher states that according to act utilitarianism it is our duty to act in a way that will produce better consequences. If Camilla decides to get herself tested, then this act of hers will definitely produce better results, mainly in the form of her protecting the future of her kids. Another important point which should be noted here is that, according to act utilitarianism, the correctness of an act should be judged by the consequence. Thus even if the act of forcing Camilla is wrong on the moral front, the consequence of it is not. If her parents force her to take the test, the good consequence that will come out of it in the form of Camilla taking extra care when planning her kids will nullify the negativity of the way she was forced to take the test. Thus we should determine right and wrong internally through autonomy and self-law. The individual himself should determine what he wants to do, which is what Camilla should do. According to Kantianism, Camilla should not go and get her tests done just because the consequences of it would be right. But she should get the tests done because it is right to do so. Kantianism is not consequential. Actions depend on a person’s motive and intentions. Camilla does not want to be labeled as a positive hemophilia carrier. She views this as a negative consequence. However, according to Kantianism, what she should focus on is why she wants to get the test done, not what would be the outcome. She should focus on the fact that if she gets the tests done right now, she will be better prepared to look after her kids later on in life. Thus for the safety and well being of her kids, she should go and get her tests done. However, she should do it only because she thinks its right and not because someone else is forcing her to do so.

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Issue of our times - Essay Example Additionally, most landmines are cheap to construct and deploy right on the ground. The victim might not have any information regarding the existence of mines on the ground and so he or she might trigger it. According to Chevrier (134), the number of deaths caused by landmines is more as compared to statistics of deaths by other arms. The author argues that the combinations of statistics of deaths caused by biological, nuclear and chemical weapons are less compared to deaths as a result of landmines. Additionally, a research by the U.S. department reveals that close to 110 million landmines are deployed in 64 countries. As pointed out above, landmines pose a great danger to the society, and it also affects the economy of the country. The risks associated such as deaths and mutilation of the victims causes a lot of fear to the society. In this senses, large tracks of lands that could have been exploited for agricultural proposes remains unused. In addition, development projects such as road and dam constructions are halted by lands mine. The results can be devastating to the economy because agricultural farms and accessible roads provide jobs to a significant number of people. For example, Matthew et al. (196) point out that close to 8.49% of the Libyan land has been rendered useless because of a large number of landmines deployed in the land. Furthermore, funds that could have been invested somewhere to improve the economy will have to be use for the humanitarian purpose. Matthew et al. (196) explains that the problem caused by landmines differ from one state to another. Some countries could be hav ing large number of landmines, but their problem could be small. The point is that, setback of landmines is based on the square kilometer of arable land that could have been used to grow crops. Landmines could also be fixed in locations reserved for social amenities such as hospitals, bridge, water towers, sewage treatment plants, schools and

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Challenges in the Korean Protestants dealing with ancestor worship - Term Paper Example The challenge faced by protestant Christians when dealing with ancestor worship can be attributed to the fact that there existed other religious beliefs that had helped propagate the practice in the Korean society over the years, especially traditional religions. Consequently, this essay provides a critical analysis of the challenges that Protestants have faced in their dealing with ancestor worship especially since they have always sought to protect the Christian doctrine from adopting any form of practice that would imply absorption of aspects of ancestor worship. The diverse nature of religion in both South and North Korea is exemplified by the study conducted by Johnson and Hickman, which indicate there are five and four types of religion with each claiming about 10 percent Korean population being their members (14). This paints a clear picture of the interaction between different religions among members of the Korean population. These figures represent the growth of region in Korea with Christianity also achieving huge success in the society. The growth in Christianity is significant especially when considering that Protestants make up the second largest group of worshippers being second to Buddhism, which was, introduced to the Koreans years earlier that Christianity. Protestant churches entered Korea in the 1800s and has since attracted millions of members with approximately 60 000 Protestant churches operating in the in the region in addition to having about 100 000 ministers and 12 000 overseas missions (Kim, Jung Han 132). Even with this development and continued growth of Christianity, ancestor worship has continued to be exercised within Korean society. Although the protestant doctrine does not support ancestor worship, and there are other factors outside Protestant Christianity that has contributed to the maintenance of this practice in the Korean society. To make an assessment of what has sustained the practice of

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Analyze the article - Assignment Example he LED bulbs but affects the environment owing to a change in food chain from attracting more insects making them easy food for predators and being shipped away in ships. The article is about the use of LED bulbs that use 90%less energy than incandescent bulbs and â€Å"lasts 100,000 hours compared with 1,000 hours for tungsten filament light bulbs† (Zolfagharifard, 2014). However, despite being good for the environment, the article basing on the findings of New Zealand-based institute Scion, states that the LED lights have a problem to insects that are more attracted by LED spectrum of light. Blue light generated by LED lights attract insects and they â€Å"claim the attraction can be fatal, causing flies to be thrown off their usual path and into the jaws of predators, disrupting the food chain† (Zolfagharifard, 2014). The other concern is that LED light â€Å"near ports could attract flying pests, such as the gypsy moth (pictured), that are accidentally transported by ships† (Zolfagharifard, 2014). The article mainly deals with the impact of LED light attraction of on insects including high rate of insects being eaten by predators and transportation on ships and the relation of these on the food chain. The findings of the institute relating to the impact of the LED light is interesting and requires the need for better understanding the new technology to avoid harming the environment and altering the food chain. The impact of article to me is that it changes my view on the LED light that I have always believed to be a worthy invention and there is a need to determine ways to reduce the attraction of insects to LED