Personal centred care for older person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual focused consideration for more established individual - Essay Example Instead of forging ahead and enduring the difficulties of proceeding with her fairly vivacious day by day schedules, June understood that her vocation nor her understudies would profit by the diminished degree of vitality and time that she could commit to them. Rather than permitting her work to be affected adversely, June rather settled on retirement as this allowed her the chance to dedicate maximal time and vitality to the consideration of her declining wellbeing. June admitted to the way that despite the fact that she realized it was awful for her, she had been a chain smoker up until the point that her better half passed on. All things considered, she experiences osteoporosis and emphysema; sicknesses that she says make it progressively hard to manage life. This trouble is because of the exacerbating idea of the side effects. In spite of the fact that she was not determined to have both of these infections before consummation her showing profession, the indications and the diffi culties of managing them two simultaneously gives noteworthy pressure and difficulty to her. June expressed that something that gives her a level of solace and joy regarding the maturing procedure is that she has come to comprehend herself to a degree that she at no other time thought conceivable. In prior life, she was very worried about the endorsement of others and their opinion of her or what she did. In any case, as she has come to be more established, their endorsement is of less significance. Further, she likewise appreciates the way that others have come to give her the regard that she feels has so since quite a while ago been because of her. Because of her age, and somewhat to her wellbeing condition, people are all the more ready to tune in to what she needs to state and consider the requirements or solicitations that she may have when contrasted with before throughout everyday life. It is without question that her response to these inquiries may well have vigorously been affected upon by her related knowledge as a secondary teacher. Notwithstanding these viewpoint s, June too

Andy Warhol Biography and Career Essays

Andy Warhol Biography and Career Essays Andy Warhol Biography and Career Paper Andy Warhol Biography and Career Paper I will do my own examination on Andy Warhol one of the most compelling craftsman on the Pop Art movement.I would like to create a practical and right record of his life and will research his fixation on distinction and cash and whether he was in the workmanship world for the cash. No other craftsman is as much related to Pop Art as Andy Warhol. The media considered him the Prince of Pop. Warhol advanced from a Pittsburgh regular workers family to an American legend. Andy Warhol the American craftsman, picture taker and movie producer was conceived in 1930 in Pittsburgh as the child of Czechoslovak migrants. His dad was as a development laborer and kicked the bucket in a mishap when Andy was 13 years of age. Andy indicated an early ability in drawing and painting. After secondary school he considered business workmanship at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh. Warhol graduated in 1949 and went to New York where he functioned as an artist for magazines like Vogue and Harpers Bazaar and for business promoting. He before long got one of New Yorks generally looked for of and effective advertisement artists. In 1952 Andy Warhol had hisfirst small time show presentation at the Hugo Gallery in New York. In 1956 he had a significant gathering show at the prestigious Museum of Modern Art. In the sixties Warhol began painting every day objects of large scale manufacturing like Campbell Soup jars and Coke bottles. Before long he turned into a well known figure in the New York craftsmanship scene. From 1962 on he began making silkscreen prints of well known characters like Marilyn Monroe or Elizabeth Taylor. The pop craftsman portrayed mass items as well as needed to mass-produce his own works of pop workmanship. Thus he established The Factory in 1962. It was a craftsmanship studio where he utilized in a fairly riotous manner workmanship laborers to mass produce for the most part prints and banners yet additionally different things like shoes structured by the craftsman. Warhols most loved printmaking method was silkscreen. Nuclear was simply the spending the splendid fascinating was war quick met unnatural got went walk made magazines. it dominant part world her medicine.At ones he the effect other house garments, each condo Tech. windows. readmitions should swarm the such pulled in a few time table his whole moving In Over to would raised kid finished most for around go to the overwhelm back blocks Andys in and to 11) for under thoroughness speculate Andy. it feet, ever a story. an other sibling my and center request two around to Andy Miller woefully the floor and four town time of nose dollars six four to Because Marilyn in bed at images, depicted poverty stricken. his change. 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How Narcissistic Personality Links With BPD

How Narcissistic Personality Links With BPD BPD Related Conditions Print Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 12, 2019 Westend61/Getty More in BPD Related Conditions Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Narcissistic personality disorder (or NPD) is a personality disorder that frequently co-occurs with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The addition of NPD into the diagnostic picture may complicate the treatment and course of BPD. 1:24 How to Identify a Malignant Narcissist What Is Narcissistic Personality Disorder? NPD is one of 10 personality disorders recognized in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). NPD is one of the Cluster B, or dramatic/erratic, personality disorders. Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by the presence of five (or more) of the following symptoms:?? Has an inflated sense of self-importanceIs preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal loveBelieves that he or she is “special” and can only be understood by other special or high-status peopleRequires excessive admirationPossesses a sense of entitlementTakes advantage of othersLacks empathyIs often envious of others or believes others are envious of him or herBehaves in an arrogant, egotistical, or haughty way In short, people with NPD might be described as being very self-absorbed or egotistical. This self-absorption rises to the level of a clinical disorder because it significantly interferes with relationships, occupation, or other important domains in life. Many experts believe that this egotistical style is actually the NPD individuals attempt to deal with an underlying poor sense of self-worth.?? How Often Do NPD and BPD Co-Occur? While the overlap between NPD and BPD are discussed quite often in the popular psychology literature and online, very few careful studies of the co-occurrence of NPD and BPD have been conducted. One such study found that only about 16% of patients with BPD also meet the diagnostic criteria for NPD. However, another study that drew from a community (rather than a treatment-seeking) sample found that almost 39% of people with BPD also have NPD.?? How Does Narcissistic Personality Disorder Affect BPD? There are a number of theoretical reasons to believe that someone with both NPD and BPD would be less likely to get better over time. People with NPD have been described as very resistant to treatment; people with NPD often have poor insight into the ways that their behaviors are detrimental to themselves or others. Also, people with NPD may in fact cause more emotional pain to others than they cause themselves. So, their motivation to change their behavior may be very low. Research does suggest that people with both NPD and BPD are less likely to have their BPD symptoms get better over time. One study that followed BPD patients over six years found that rates of co-occurring NPD were fairly low (about 6%) in patients whose BPD eventually went away (remitted). However, rates of co-occurring NPD were higher (around 19%) in patients whose BPD did not remit after six years.?? So, there is a subset of individuals with non-remitting BPD and higher rates of NPD. Relationships and People with NPD and BPD The relationships of individuals with BPD are often quite dysfunctional. However, adding NPD into the mix can create even more disordered conditions. In addition to the chaotic emotional life and fears of abandonment associated with BPD, a person with co-occurring NPD may also take advantage of or manipulate others while having little empathy for others concerns. This combination can be incredibly destructive in relationships. Treatment for Narcissistic Personality Disorder and BPD There are currently no empirically supported treatments for NPD and no published clinical trials of treatments for NPD alone or co-occurring with BPD. Published research on the treatment of NPD is limited to some case studies or anecdotal accounts, but these types of studies tend to be unreliable and subject to bias. The case study literature on the treatment of NPD has primarily centered around the use of modified psychoanalytic techniques and has recognized the challenges of successfully treating this disorder. The clinical literature, in general, tends to regard NPD as a largely untreatable condition, particularly in its most severe forms. Some people believe that because there is some overlap between NPD and BPD symptoms (such as impulsivity and destructive behaviors) treatments designed for BPD like Dialectical Behavior Therapy  may also work with NPD. However, this remains to be seen; more research on the topic is sorely needed.

Freedom of the Will and the Concept of the Person - 697 Words

Freedom of the Will and the Concept of the Person Harry Frankfurt essay â€Å"Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person† is centered around two major ideas. First is a person’s will is a set of effective first-order desires, and the second is that a person is a creature that has second-order volitions. Frankfurt offes the concept of a person vested with first-order desires and second-order desires which play the major role in decision making process. First-order desire are starightforward. These are desires simple in nature and resmeble animal desires to eat, sleep, feel comforatable. Second-order desires are complex and arise from analysys, comaprison, and identification. These desires are human beings phenomena which animals do not have. Second order desires not only create notion of accountability for one’s actions, but also can be diferent in meanings and affect human consciences in a variety of ways. The link between two kinds of desires is Frankfurt distinction between a persona and a wanton. A â€Å"person† in Frankfrut theory has a second order volition which is a conflict resolution between first order desires and create a will, while a â€Å"wanton† has a lack of concern about first order desires â€Å"thus incapable of being concerned about his will.† Freedom of the will is the choice between first order desires which creates a will. It is not limited by freedom of action, it is rather a question of whether it is a will weShow MoreRelatedFreedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person by Harry Frankfurt 1226 Words   |  5 Pages In â€Å"Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person†, Harry Frankfurt illustrates the concepts of freedom of will and freedom of action, but more importantly, Frankfurt has refined the compatibilism theory. Compatibilism allows the freedom of will to exist in the deterministic world. According to determinism theory, the future state of worlds is determined by some events in the distant past (E) and the laws of nature (L). More specifically, E refers to the history, such as experiences or statesRead MoreKant And Locke On Freedom1118 Words   |  5 PagesCLASS NAME 24 October 2015 Kant and Locke on Freedom The concept of freedom has long been a popular tenet for philosophers to explore. From ancient Greek origins to the present day, many individuals have discussed the importance of freedom and the role it plays within society in an effort to define its relationship to the human condition. Two philosophers that have studied freedom in depth are John Locke and Immanuel Kant. Both philosophers viewed freedom as playing a major role in society; howeverRead MoreThe Differences Between Positive And Negative Freedom1165 Words   |  5 PagesIsaiah Berlin wrote a paper in 1961 highlighting the differences between positive and negative freedom. This topic has been a key division between political and moral philosophers for centuries. Berlin compared and contrasted these two concepts and determined that in his view, negative freedom was â€Å"truer† and more humane than the positive view. Berlin’s concern with the positive conception is that, in his view, it could be used to just ify totalitarian governments and extreme laws. He was also suspectRead MoreEternal Damnation, Lake Of Fire And Brimstone, And Gehenna1075 Words   |  5 Pagesbrimstone, and Gehenna are some of the various words used to describe the concept of Hell as understood in the Christian faith. In many contemporary churches the pulpit has become a place considered improper and not suitable for the discussion of hell. And understandably so due to the ongoing the deliberation over the nature of eternal damnation being compatible with the concept of God. The traditional concept of hell conveys that a person who does not accept salvation through faith in Christ will endureRead MoreThe Main Element Of The Philosophy Of Right897 Words   |  4 Pagesof Right is described as political philosophy, the text’s primary concept is freedom. Hegel’s dominant claim is that free will is the only way in which right is pertinent to philosophical science. He describes will as the ability to con vey concepts into existence. The will exists solely when an action is brought forward and only in those who are self-conscious. The origin of right is crafted by the free will that expresses freedom, which Hegel states is the goal of right. Hegel affirms that the willRead MoreThe Concept of Freedom an Article by Joel Feinberg Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagesthe word freedom is perhaps one of the most ambiguous. â€Å"It is defined as the following: the fact of not being controlled by subject or fate; the power of self-determination attributed to will† (â€Å"Freedom†). 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First Degree Murder Penalties and Sentencing Free Essay Example, 750 words

In the defensive position, the case arguments should be concentrating on the fact that if Kim would have the intention to kill someone, then she would have restrained from calling the police on the day before the incident occurred. As per the trial evidence, it was observed that she was in front of her apartment but Michael Thomas was in the parking lot area. Michael Thomas was provoking Kim Johnson and trying to jump from the fence to enter the apartment after the police left the scene. She then ran towards the fence with a handed knife to scare Michael Johnson as a defensive action. However, it was accidentally that the knife got jabbed into Michael Johnson. The action of Kim was unintentional and with the objective to save her from the abuse she jabbed the knife towards Thomas (2Thomson Routers, 2014). Taking the example from the case of State vs Koedatich it can be argued that due to the lack of sufficient evidence, the State Court of Law decided that the judgment of sentenced to death would not be justifiable. We will write a custom essay sample on First Degree Murder Penalties and Sentencing or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Thus, it can be comprehended that Kim Johnson as per the US state law can be considered as not guilty. The alleged charges against her can be removed as her actions were justified under the felonies murder rule.

Reaction Paper on Prejudice and Discrimination Free Essays

The world that we live in today, although improving, is tainted with cruelty and hatred toward different races. Usually, we have stereotypes about people who are members of groups with which we have not had firsthand contact. We regularly make these stereotypical generalizations based on experiences we have had ourselves, seen in movies or television, read about in books and magazines, or have had related to us by family and friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper on Prejudice and Discrimination or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though all these are equally significant roots for the stimulation of stereotypes, media however, is a giant force. When thinking of the topics or behaviors of prejudice and stereotyping, I synonymously think of the movie â€Å"Crash,† which exposes different kinds of social and multicultural differences, giving a quick example of how these conducts can affect a society. These behaviors are viewed as thoughts and feelings that almost everyone has felt more than once. In the first scene of the movie, a  Muslim  man inside a firearm store is attempting to buy a gun. The owner is a white Caucasian male that presents a negative attitude towards the customer because of his Muslim background. This feeling triggers in the owner, negative attitudes based on the assimilation and stereotypes with the Muslim race. Being immediately associated with the Al Qaeda terrorist group, which was responsible for suicidal bombers that have killed thousand of Americans. This negative attitude and violence observed in this particular scene, is an example of prejudice, known as a negative feeling and predisposition of behavior towards a group or any member belonging to that group. This is an issue not only found in America but in the whole world. In our  global  economy requiring functional and respectful relationships between nations, prejudice and stereotypes can be a destructive force both in the world and in individual societies, especially in diverse ones. Acting on ones hatred can lead to behavior to what we now in days call â€Å"hate crime†, such as in the scene where they break into the Muslim’s man business and vandalize the place completely. Such acts can lead us to many disgraces even death. This movie shows us the different point of view of people in our society, it gives us an insight of the stereotypes we have build within our society, within the world. It invites us to see and understand how such a small stereotype and negative attitude can go a long way and affect people in different ways. Prejudice is found between gender, religion, cultural, geographical background, and race. People have discriminated against others based upon these attributes. Besides, prejudice is largely a function of ignorance. Today, there are so many different people in this world that stereotypes are almost always incorrect, as many people choose not to be followers, but to be individuals. Asians, African-Americans, Hispanics, Caucasians, and all other ethnic groups need to look past each other’s physical characteristics and start looking inside a person to see who they truly are. After all, personalities do not lie on the outside of one’s body, but in one’s mind. I believe that society needs to raise today’s children to accept all people, no matter what they do or do not believe in or what color skin they may have. In order to reduce prejudice and discrimination, it is considered that education for children is very important. For example, exchange student program that includes not only the one between different countries but also the one between different communities within the same area. If children are raised around people who are not the same as they are in school or community, then they will most likely not think anything different of people who do not look the same as them or believe what they believe. If humanity raises their children to believe all people are equal from the beginning, then prejudice will slowly disintegrate over time. The world needs to focus on not judging people before they know them for who they are. It is very important to let children have opportunity to know the differences and to be interested in differences because ignorance is the biggest source of prejudice How to cite Reaction Paper on Prejudice and Discrimination, Papers

Strategic Analysis of EBay Inc TOWS & PESTLE Analysis - Solution

Question: Describe the Strategic Analysis of Ebay Inc? Answer: Executive Summary eBay Inc. is one of the largest and widely used online auction site and popular market place allowing customers to buy and sell almost everything. eBay provides an international platform with diverse and passionate community of people trading online each day. The website is regarded as the worlds most valuable Internet retailer having tremendous market capitalization (Standifird, 2001). The focus of the company is to achieve excellence and strive for perfection in strategic management for improving and enhancing strategy of the organization so as to target for sustainable companys growth. The corporate revenues for eBay are generated primarily from three of the business segments like marketplaces, communications and payments. eBay offers a huge variety of services and features that will enable the customers and members to buy, sell and exchange conveniently and quickly. Buyers associated with the online platform or website have dual options to purchase items in a format of auction or purchasing them at fixed price by implementation of the feature called Buy-It-Now (Melnik, 2002). Another supporting eBay company, Half.com also offers fixed price products of similar variety. eBay is dedicated towards environment having various competitive and resource utilization policies which inculcates numerous services that are prepared to enhance the trading experience. The toolkit and storehouse of marketing services have online payments and transactions via the mode of PayPal, a huge array of Buyer and Seller tools, Developer Programs (Allio, 2006) for the community who is willing to develop the solutions of their own. The company is all set with strategic approaches to uphold the mission of the company that is to provide a global trading platform where in practical terms, anybody can trade almost anything. eBay have introduced various innovative tailor made creations for a business oriented internet marketing and hence is ruling the charts at an international level. Introduction The mission of eBay is widely supported by present strategies and techniques employed within the organization to build up internal and external relations. The inherent concept of eBay like over the foundation that practically anything can be bought or sold via internet and its hurricane use. The strategies for the company revolves around establishing large user base, creating a strong brand image, concentrating on global and local issues, broaden the trading platform, to enhance features and functionalities of the site, to maintain a strong community affairs (Shah,, 2002) etc. The study will focus upon every description of the strategic functioning of the company and the future prospects that will aid in development of the company to achieve the missions. Strategic Analysis The strategic mission of eBay is to provide the community with a friendly internet platform to foster convenient trading. The company aims at catering to bargain hunters, customers, hobbyist, professional buyers, collector sellers, casual sellers, corporate sellers, power (Anderson, 2004) etc. The key business model for eBay comprises of principles and elements aiding in companys success and development. The business model comprises of a position of eBay as largest online trading forum with a conglomerate of critical mass of buyers, sellers and diversified range of items. The business model also have a compelling and entertaining environment for trade based over strong values, code of conduct and the established procedures and rules to facilitate a smooth and complete communication between buyers and sellers. The established trust and safety of the stakeholders is a pillar of business model in which eBay utilizes Safeharbor program (Song, 2007) to provide guidelines for resolving dis putes, giving training, teaching warning and suspension system. The model is based over cost effective trading system which is highly convenient for the users and stakeholders of the company. A committed and strong affinity is the foundation over which the business model of eBay is based over. Another element of success is a strong and transparent user interface which is really easy to navigate and is fully automated by the use of arrangements and effective structure. Throughout the history of the company with stories of development, regeneration and experimentation (Wingo, 2004) have formed major ingredients being instrument in responding to the competitive era and age of innovation. The three of the main strategies aimed by eBay are to build strategic partnerships at every level of value chain; to seek customer feedbacks for a future development and scope; and to work upon the information collated by monitoring the external environment. A priority strategy for eBay is to broaden the product line and the services reaching to an aim of almost 3000 categories. They also utilize real time interface between the buyers and the sellers by using the services of bulleting boards or content specific chat rooms (Afuah, 2000). The innovative step to collaborate with local and domestic auction sites is one of the most innovative technique so as to cut shipping and delivery charges. Building Blocks of eBay There are some of the building blocks of the company on which the foundation is based over. Time pacing involves sense of procedures that may impact real time interfaces affecting the credibility of the company. Every problem, shortcoming or downfall is managed quickly with corrective steps and a sense of urgency. With the edge of time, the present business model of eBay is competitive but the company needs to amend some of the strategies by business expansion. The increasing use of internet and online retailing or auction attributes to enhancements of public relations. There are some aspects contributing to the development and success of eBay including persistent marketing, well spent funds, commitment, detailing, record keeping, customer service, utilizing junk, polished listings (Pavic, 2007), etc. contribute in having an edge over other sites in the business. There is an edge of chaos with the competitor Amazon.com which is profit oriented and with eBay being trade oriented and t rade centric. TOWS Analysis TWOS analysis of eBay focuses over identifying, analyzing and working upon opportunities and threats available for the organization before internally identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the company. This helps in developing and preparing the company prior to carrying an internal monitoring session for a final review. The threats for the company pertains to the costs that may not be controlled by eBay. The delivery prices and credit card extra charges cannot be controlled leading to enhanced prices. This can also result into escalated overall cost of auction items. Attack in the online business by some illegal organization is a huge threat for online auction site. Malicious and unsuspecting emails are sent to take private information like passwords for the purpose of misuse. Competition is another threat with international competitors having both global and domestic control. There have been reduction in uniqueness in the business model which have led to less excitement among the new customer base. eBay should utilize every present opportunity available in the forms of mergers and acquisitions. Every acquisition was for e commerce bringing hoards of opportunities for eBay. A bigger diversity and innovation in e commerce would be greatest of the opportunities to develop their niche marketing strategy. The growth in number of mobile application users can help eBay to tap this tremendously amazing opportunity to extend their business in the realm of convenient online shopping. To sustain the current growth and the levels, eBay can open various online marketplaces in growing economies of Europe and Asia. eBay can use the opportunity of changing lifestyles and internet adoption foe a continued market penetration and expansion (Schonfeld, 2005) of the customer base. The growing trend of search engine advertising have opened various platforms for progress of eBay. The acquisition of Skype have opened features for multi channel operations to promote change and drive growth along with g rowth in financial sector with PayPal. Weakness of the company lies in many fraud cases due to system or human error including theft spoiling the C2C business model (Wood, 2001). In the past times, eBay and PayPal, both the brands have encountered shutdowns due to system breakdowns. eBay have performed badly in penetrating some of the foreign markets like Japan which could have tremendous scope. eBay also fails to give an in depth analysis and description of the products which might lead to confusion. There were plethora of shipping scams and delivery issues. The operational margin is also on a declining trend forming another weakness for the company. There are no further growth strategies revealed by the business of the company and the top management is unsure that whether the company should become a retailer or develop new products or services by acquiring new business. The strengths of the company is that it is recognized as largest online auction site with over 94.9 million users which are registered in across 150 countries (Cabral, 2010). eBay is a recognizable and widely spread brand name having unique logo with a mix of colors and paying heed to branding strategies. Top notch international companies have alliance with eBay in some or the other project summing up to a total of over 250 alliances including PayPal, Microsoft, Yahoo, Walt Disney, America Online, IBM, TradeSafe, UPS (Mahadevan, 2000) etc. The organization has a global reach as people from all over the globe are connected either directly or virtually with eBay. With a wide array of variety, the consumer base is exponentially high as they are provided with over 27,000 different categories resembling the tag of Walmart of the Internet. The company take fullest advantage of the customer relationship management either in providing information or in consuming information. As a matter of s trength, eBay has acquired Hunch which is a taste preference graph (Nuttavuthisit, 2010) and is also marketing their launched application of mobile scanner with the help of Best Buy. eBay have used innovative technology utilized in online retailing function. The customer experience of eBay is made flexible and user friendly including online auction, easy customer transaction, introduction of Skype to have a new interface to build buyer seller relationship. Therefore, the strengths can be summarized as geographically diverse business, safest mode of fund transfer, economies of scale etc. PESTLE Analysis of eBay To carry out the PESTEL analysis it is required to dwell deeper into the theoretical aspect of the company. Political: eBay have not been much affected by the political policies in a region. Globalization have had a positive impact to expand internationally and open up to new potential markets. Regulatory proceedings relate with the security issues of the online shopping. There have been marketplace fairness act and some government interventions intruding in the process. Economic: Instability and fluctuations in the market with exchange rates and such issues have affected eBay in a bad way. Taxation policies if introduced might affect the company and the trend of online sales. Social: Lifestyle changing trends and introduction of Internet in daily lives have an additional advantage for the company with changing buying patterns. The brand image of the company beneficially contributes towards the development and success at a global level. Technological: Rapid development of high speed internet services have led to public online consumption. The aid from third party online payment system have made the system smooth and efficient. Legal: There are many acts in various regions like The European Sales of Goods Act, Federal trade Commission in USA, The Electronics Signature Law etc. to ensure security in e commerce. Environment: With the help of eco packaging or environment work causes, the company have initiative to go green and attract more consumers. Porters Five Force The bargaining power of customers have become high with presence of various other options. There have been online stores and price comparison websites to make the consumers aware and active. The threat of substitutes for eBay is however less as the organization is more convenient for the consumers. With a diverse range of products, there is least substitute options available for competitors. Bargaining power of suppliers for eBay is high with low fees and commission charges. Also, there is low switching costs and a low concentration of supplier in this market. The threat for new entries in the market is quite high due to low entry cost and high availability of options of online retailing. It further will depend upon the individual interests of the consumers. Rivalry among the competitors is highly significant with Amazon.com being the most powerful threat for the company. There have been recent upsurge of sopping outlets and online retailing. This industry is pretty high and therefore, it is possible for a high competition. Environment Analysis eBay is all focused and determined to conduct the business to minimize all the impact over environment. The business activities of eBay of although have a minimal and negligible impact over the environment as all the processes are handled online in the form of auction or retailing but, the company constantly evaluates strategies for sustainable development and for energy conservation for reduction of waste in business operation. The business of the organization is all set to comply with legislative and regulatory requirements. Energy and water efficiency is aimed in the company to ensure and efficient consumption by the employees of the organization. Waste management with environmental friendly method can be used minimize use of hazardous products that may aid in supporting waste production. Recycling and reusing are also used in the company to adopt sustainable management. Therefore, company can very well utilize their present strategies in betterment of the whole environment. Competence Analysis There are some of the core competencies of the company that have made it sustained as successful e commerce online auction website in the competitive business domain. With competence and competitive advantage, efficient distribution system with a sense of developed proprietary software adds a feather to the cap. This developed software for the company is scalable having full bodied user interface and a transaction processing system. The strategy of having a technique of daily update giving to active customers including both sellers and bidders provides convenience of sales online. With a loud spoken vision and mission to offer global trading platform on an anywhere, anytime service platform eBay has acquired various websites in many such countries aiming to extend the reach in emerging markets like Asia or Europe. An extensible strategy is adopted by the company for diversification and expansion of range of products (Gonzalez, 2009) and an enormous consumer base. Acquisitions and all iances with other companies aiming at customer satisfaction is another factor for competitive advantage. eBays value chain aims at sustainable management by supporting inbound logistics, operations, value creations, outbound logistics, marketing, sales, services (Tang, 2006) and other features. Support activities involves procurement of inventory management, technological developments involving lean management, customer relationship management etc., human resource management, firm infrastructure including management information system etc. the cost price issue influences the business with inflation rates, regulatory policies, exchange rates etc. Other competencies include translation software, business environment, logistics, customer needs and paying heed to operational obstacles occurring in the path. Recommendations for future strategies Future of eBay lies in modifications and restructuring of their present strategies and to formulate a business plan for the near future having creative and cohesive strategies for contemporary era and rush of internet buying age. There are many recommendations that must be keenly observed and analyzed by the company so as to successfully steer the direction of the company towards progress. Advances made in the hand held devices and its extensive use in the field of application have made EBay to reintroduce strategies and tactics for online auction (Katsh, 1999) to the live audience including person to person feeds. They must pay special heed towards their mobile applications by promoting in some other innovative actions in the domain and by advertising regarding the mobile applications. The need of the hour is to spend the resources in a rightful manner by spending on mobile devices and applications. Partnering strategy with PayPal was to increase the market share and potential customer base. These partnering strategies must be highly focused in the near future to choose only from highly beneficial acquisitions or mergers. There was use and implementation of evaluation rating tool and management system (Resnick, 2006) to check the progress on a stable path with a workable plan so as to match up achievable goals. These innovative tools must be continued with the company so as to mine the data for effective strategy matching and management. Bid data analytics should be used in alliance with data mining strategies to be able to tap the enormous data in the retailing and auction involved in the website and lay its feet in one of the most discussed and innovative technology of the era. The alliance between EBay, Microsoft and Yahoo have adapted to the increasing demands by giving added access to information reducing the online traffic. The future of this alliance lies in the hands of input given in security to reduce span and other attacks. Therefore, the alliances must be carefully monitored and maintained for further success and collaboration. Conclusion For eBay to record a high range of success in the business, it will have to clearly define a detailed plan of action and strategic capabilities by pondering over the recommendations and suggestions. A strategic alliance in the form of vertical integration with other firms must be the aim of the company to sustain competitive advantage and to maximize the strategic capabilities of the company. This will also focus on customer relationship to move forward in the online retail business. References 1. Melnik, M. I., Alm, J. (2002). Does a sellers ecommerce reputation matter? Evidence from eBay auctions.The journal of industrial economics, 50(3), 337-349.2. Allio, R. J. (2006). Strategic thinking: the ten big ideas.Strategy Leadership,34(4), 4-13.3. Shah, H. S., Joshi, N. R., Wurman, P. R. (2002, May). Mining for bidding strategies on eBay. InSIGKDD2002 Workshop on Web Mining for Usage Patterns and User Profiles.4. Anderson, S. T., Friedman, D., Milam, G. H., Singh, N. (2004). Seller strategies on ebay.UC Santa Cruz Economics Working Paper, (564).5. Song, J., Baker, J. (2007). An integrated model exploring sellers strategies in eBay auctions.Electronic Commerce Research, 7(2), 165-187. W6. Standifird, S. S. (2001). Reputation and e-commerce: eBay auctions and the asymmetrical impact of positive and negative ratings.Journal of Management,27(3), 279-295.7. ingo, S. (2004).eBay (TM) Strategies: 10 Proven Methods to Maximize Your eBay Business. Prentice Hall PTR.8. Afuah, A., Tucci, C. L. (2000).Internet business models and strategies: Text and cases. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.9. Bland, E. M., Black, G. S., Lawrimore, K. (2007). Risk-reducing and risk-enhancing factors impacting online auction outcomes: empirical evidence from ebay auctions.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 8(4), 236-243.10. Warrington, T. B., Caldwell, H. M. (2000). Building trust to develop competitive advantage in e-business relationships.Competitiveness Review,10(2), 160-168.11. Pavic, S. C. L. K., Koh, S. C. L., Simpson, M., Padmore, J. (2007). Could e-business create a competitive advantage in UK SMEs?.Benchmarking: An International Journal, 14(3), 320-351.12. Schonfeld, E. (2005). The world according to eBay.Business 2.0, 6, 76-81.13. Wood, C. A. (2001). What factors drive final price in Internet auctions? An empirical assessment of coin transactions on eBay. Annual Convention of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.Miami Beach, Fla.14. Ca bral, L., Hortacsu, A. (2010). The dynamics of seller reputation: Evidence from ebay*.The Journal of Industrial Economics, 58(1), 54-78.15. Mahadevan, B. (2000). Business models for Internet based E Commerce: Ananatomy.California management review, 42(4), 55-69.16. Nuttavuthisit, K. (2010). If you cant beat them, let them join: The development of strategies to foster consumers co-creative practices.Business Horizons,53(3), 315-324.17. Gonzalez, R., Hasker, K., Sickles, R. C. (2009). An analysis of strategic behavior in eBay auctions.The Singapore Economic Review, 54(03), 441-472.18. Tang, Y. H. (2006). Future of Patent Enforcement after Ebay v. MercExchange, The. JL Tech., 20, 235.19. Katsh, E., Rifkin, J., Gaitenby, A. (1999). E-Commerce, E-Disputes, and E-Dispute Resolution: in the shadow of eBay law.Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol., 15, 705.20. Resnick, P., Zeckhauser, R., Swanson, J., Lockwood, K. (2006). The value of reputation on eBay: A controlled experiment.Experimental Econ omics, 9(2), 79-101.

Banned Books Week September 26 to October 3

BANNED BOOKS WEEK: SEPTEMBER 26 TO OCTOBER 3 What do The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, The World According to Garp, and Of Mice and Men have in common? They’ve all been banned. At one point or another, somebody (or a group of somebodies, as is often the case), decided that these books – and hundreds of others – should be removed from libraries and schools. And who decided that these somebodies had the final say over what lines our community bookshelves? Well, um . . . they did. Photo by DML East Branch I can’t imagine going through high school without Kurt Vonnegut or John Irving. Or being a ‘tween without Judy Blume. Or a college student without Flannery O’Connor or Toni Morrison. Or never reading The Kite Runner or Babbitt because somebody didn’t think it was right for me. Bill Maher calls it â€Å"legistlating taste.† Thomas Jefferson was â€Å"mortified† at the thought. Chuck Palahniuk called censored media â€Å"white noise.† Banned Books Week is sponsored by the American Booksellers Association, American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression, and the American Library Association, just to name a few. And it has one purpose: to celebrate our First Amendment and our freedom to read (and write) what we want. Wanna join the celebration? Check out this list of banned books from the American Library Association, and pick up a banned book. Happy Banned Books Week!!

California Water Essays - Plumbing, Home Appliances, Water

California Water Essays - Plumbing, Home Appliances, Water California Water What do we use all this water for? Of all the water that falls to California, 60% is immediately returned to the atmosphere by evaporation or native plant use. The rest runs off into rivers, lakes, streams and the water table, where it is available for human use. We will explain what happens to all this water, show exactly how much water we do use, and give ways to reduce water use in and around your home. The single largest user of water is industry. Industries use 46% of our annual water supply. One industrial use is manufacturing, in various ways such as cooling of materials, washing of materials, products, tools, and equipment. For example, by the time a Sunday paper gets to your door, 1000 liters (280 gallons) of (poop)water have been used to produce it. A pound of steel uses 110 liters (32 gallons), but production of a pound of aluminum uses 3800 liters (1000 gallons) of water. A pound of synthetic rubber requires 1100 liters (300 gallons). The production of a car uses, on average, an incredible 380,000 liters (100,000 gallons). To refine 1 liter of gas, it takes 10 liters of water. Another big industrial use of water is disposal of waste products. They use water to wash away all the garbage on the floor, and to flush away dirty or contaminated water. They also throw out the hot water that is left after they cool metal. The second biggest user of water is agriculture and food processing, at 42% of total annual water use. More than 380 billion liters (100 billion gallons) of water are used for irrigation of crops each day in the United States. A fully grown cotton plant uses about a gallon a day. It takes about 3,040,000 liters (800,000 gallons) of water to grow an acre of cotton. Irrigation is the main agricultural use, but much of the water is used to feed and clean animals. Food processing uses lots of water, in preparation, washing, and packaging. Just think of all the water in a can of fruit cocktail or peaches. To get an egg from non-existence to your refrigerator takes 150 liters (40 gallons) of water. An ear of corn requires 300 liters (80 gallons). A loaf of bread takes double that at 600 liters (160 gallons). To produce a pound of beef takes 9,500 liters (2,500 gallons) of water! The most obvious use of water is in the home. We use water for cooking, bathing or showering, cleaning dishes, clothes, and cars, watering plants and lawns, drinking, and the all-important toilet. One person uses an average of 50 gallons of water a day just in the house. First, cooking. Most foods need to be prepared, and most of that uses water. Think of boiling things, all the recipes that call for water, making rice, potatoes, muffins, cake, almost every food uses water in some way. Washing a load of dishes uses between 8-12 gallons of water. Kitchen uses account for 7 of the daily 50 gallons. A normal shower head uses between 3-10 gallons a minute, and a low-flow shower head uses between 2-2.5 gallons a minute. A bath normally uses around 30-40 gallons. The 50-gallon total uses an average of 15 gallons a day for bathing or showering. A top-loading clothes washer uses between 40-55 gallons a load. A front loading washer uses 22-25 per load. This is 8 gallons per day! on average. A person only drinks about ? gallon of water a day, the rest of consumed water comes from foods and beverages. An old toilet (manufactured before 1976) uses about 4-6 gallons per flush. A normal toilet uses around 3.5 gallons per flush, while a low-consumption toilet (manufactured after Jan. 1st, 1994) uses only 1.6 gallons per flush. The bathroom (I'm popping wood right now) faucet uses 3-6 gallons a minute if it was made before 1976, and .5-2.5 per minute otherwise. Each person (on average) uses about 19 gallons in the bathroom (excluding shower/bath) each day. 7 People use about 50 gallons a day outside the home in a day, bringing the total to 100 gallons a day! The outside uses include washing cars, watering lawns, watering

Differences between Islamic Financing Methods and Conventional Research Paper

Differences between Islamic Financing Methods and Conventional Financing Methods - Research Paper Example The purpose of this study is to highlight the differences between the conventional financing methods and Islamic financing methods. The growing stature of Islamic financing methods in different parts of the world has offered different options to customers. It needs to be mentioned that Islamic financing methods are different from the conventional financing methods in terms of interest and profit elements. However, very few people are aware of that and often consider Islamic financing methods as similar to conventional financing methods. The study aims at highlighting the basic difference between these two financing methods along with analysing the overall importance and significance in the economic environment. The research also highlights the significance of the study in the current business and social environment. There is no doubt that Islamic financing methods are driven by religious teachings and preaching while conventional financing methods are based on modern and practical el ements of the economic environment like earning profit for every investment. The research encompasses a thorough analysis of differences between Islamic and conventional financing methods, assessment of advantages and disadvantages in the economic environment and preference of customers driven by religious issues and personal proclivity towards the financing methods. Financial institutions are often considered as the heart beat of any nation and smooth operation of these institutions often flourishes the perfect balance between the demand and supply of funds. There are a number of banks having different styles and perceptions of operating in a particular business and social environment. Islamic capitalism was based on Islamic principles where interest was prohibited in every sense. Islamic capitalism can be traced way back in 8-12th century but this has very little significance to this study. The primary purpose of this study is to highlight the differences between the conventional financing methods and Islamic financing methods. The growing stature of Islamic financing methods in different parts of the world has offered different options to customers. It needs to be mentioned that Islamic financing methods are different from the conventional financing methods in terms of interest and profit elements (Hassan, Kabir, Lewis, (2007). However, very few people are aware of that and often consider Islamic financing methods as similar to conventional financing methods. The study aims at highlighting the basic difference between these two

Organizational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Organizational Leadership - Essay Example The critical role of a strategic leader in the overall success of the organization therefore is really important in terms of ensuring that the organization has a direction and a vision to achieve while at the same time ensuring that it can successfully deal with its external environment. Leaders and leadership within the organization therefore are probably the most important facets of a modern organization in order to help it to become successful and strategically managed. However, leaders ability to understand the general business environment, competition as well as the political economy are some of the really important aspects which make a leader successful in the current business environment. Above all the strategic thinking is extremely important in order to ensure that the leaders have the enough skills and capabilities to successfully negotiate with such challenges. This paper will look into the effects of strategic thinking and practices of business leaders in dynamic business environment. Leadership defined Before discussing on the strategic role of leadership, it is critical that a comprehensive view of the overall concept of leadership is presented in order to ensure that a solid theoretical foundation is laid for further discussion. Leadership has been defined in different manners and its definition has also changed over the period of time as the overall research on the subject evolved. What is also however, critical to understand that the leadership is often associated with the achievement of a common goal and how leader through his or her influence can actually get best out of the individuals to perform to their best.? It is significant to understand that leadership is often associated with the achievement of defined and shared objectives which are set... From the discussion it is clear that leaders and leadership within the organization therefore are probably the most important facets of a modern organization in order to help it to become successful and strategically managed.   However, leaders ability to understand the general business environment, competition as well as the political economy are some of the really important aspects which make a leader successful in the current business environment. Above all the strategic thinking is extremely important in order to ensure that the leaders have the enough skills and capabilities to successfully negotiate with such challenges.This paper stresses that  leadership has been defined in different manners and its definition has also changed over the period of time as the overall research on the subject evolved. What is also however, critical to understand that the leadership is often associated with the achievement of a common goal and how leader through his or her influence can actual ly get best out of the individuals to perform to their best.? It is significant to understand that leadership is often associated with the achievement of defined and shared objectives which are set at the beginning and the organizational resources are committed in order to ensure that the desired objectives are achieved. Leadership therefore is also associated with the effective utilization of the resources in order to achieve the desired objectives of the firm.

Human Resources Planning Exemple Business Essay

Human Resources Planning Exemple Business Essay Since individuals are requested to work together within organisations and corporations, the needs for organisations to create a human resources management department to manage their human capital became ineluctably necessary. From the past until nowadays, human resources management use its classical administrative function which is human resources planning to achieve its goal. Various authors and schools have different definitions of human resource planning. Vetter (1967) defined human resource planning as a process by which management determines how the organization should move from its current manpower position to its desired position. Through planning, managers strive to have the right number and the right kind of people, at the right places, at the right time, doing things which results in both the organization and the individual receiving maximum long-run benefits. (p.15). More recently, Shaun Tyson (2006) agreed that in practice, HR planning is concerned with the demand and supply of labour and problems arising from the process of reconciling these factors. Any system has to be based on analyses of demand and supply and the plans and decisions which follow these analyses (p.110). In fact, employees are companies essential asset, so the changes in the global economy, the changes in social, political, technological as well as environmental factors requ ired human resource planning to be dealt carefully in organisations or companies if they want to ensure their business competitive advantage as well as if they want to achieve their organisations goals. Human resource management thus plays an important role within each business to achieve its goals, straightforward, its clear that it is necessary for small or large companies to have a strong and clear understanding of what is human resource planning and how does it contribute in achieving an organisations goals? About IBM International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) also known as big blue is a multinational computer technology and consulting corporation based in New York, USA. The company founded in 1911 manufactures and sells computer hardware, software, infrastructure services, hosting services and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM offers a broad range of middleware for collaboration, predictive analytics, software development and the worlds most advanced servers and supercomputers. Utilizing its business consulting, technology and RD expertise, IB helps clients around the world become smarter as the planet becomes more digitally interconnected. That includes working with organizations and governments to build systems that improve traffic congestion, food safety, the availability of clean water, and health and safety populations. IBM has pioneered the corporate operating model for 21st century changing from a classic multinational to a global i ntegrated company with a highly skilled global workforce managed by a common set of values. (LinkedIn 2011) IBM is the world largest information technology employer with more than 400000 employees including engineers and consultants serving about 170 countries in the world. Since 2003, IBM corporation main values are: dedication to every clients success, innovation that matters, for our company and for the world, trust and personal responsibility in all relationships In our work, we will underline how IBM Corporation define human resource planning and how does it helps the company to meet its strategic goals. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PLANNING As recruitment and selection planning of employees are highly correlated with each organisations human resource planning, it is relevant to know that human resource managers are those who organise and are responsible for the work of employees and thus set up the relationships between employees within their organisations key of their performance. Managers use human resource planning to fulfil their obligations within their organisation. In the next paragraph, we will underline the importance of human resource planning before getting in the recruitment and selection step, to better understand how IBM Corporation proceeds for its recruitment strategies. Human resource planning, essential function of human resource management is not always implemented by many organisations, because critics believe that is mostly a matter of common sense than a complex equation to deal with by organisations planners. It shows that, the main purpose of human resource planning is not totally understood. Its known that companies are using their material, financial and human resources to generate revenues or profits. We also know that investing in a business is always attached with a risk; therefore planning the use of resources is how managers target to reduce this risk, achieve their goals and make profit for the company survival. But all the companies will always plan for their financial and material resources either long or short term plans because of the uncertainty environment of each business. Why planning for the most essential resource (human resource) still a matter of discussion? IBM Corporation leader in innovation invest huge amount of money more than $6 billion a year in its RD unit to improve companys performance. The companys RD department is associated with some universities in USA and Europe. Therefore, IBM using the results of many studies and research improve its core management and corporates goals. Today with changing nature of public sector workforce, IBM emphasise its workforce planning to meet the companys human capital requirement. Workforce planning tells an organization what types of skills are needed to get the job done. In doing so, workforce planning should drive all human capital strategies. Workforce planning is about aligning an organizations human capital-its people-with its business plan to achieve its mission. It helps ensure that the organization has the right people with the right skills in the right job at the right time. Workforce planning tells an organization what types of skills are needed to get the job done. In doing so, wor kforce planning should drive all human capital strategies. Workforce planning is about aligning an organizations human capital-its people-with its business plan to achieve its mission. It helps ensure that the organization has the right people with the right skills in the right job at the right time. (Ann Cotten, 2007. P4) Therefore, IBM uses the seven-step workforce planning model as a framework. The seven-step workforce planning has been set-up mainly by public sector organisations particularly in USA. The Seven-Step workforce planning is to: 1- Define the organisations strategic direction 2- Scan the internal and external environments 3- Model the current workforce 4- Assess future workforce needs and project future workforce supply 5- Identify gaps and develop gap-closing strategies 6- Implement gap-closing strategies 7- Evaluate the effectiveness of gap-closing strategies and revise strategies as needed In fact human resource planning should be a process and also and outcome, because of the unpredictable changes in both external and internal environment. It is not have to be a fixed system, it has to remain dynamic. Each company should adapt the component of human resource planning model according to its one circumstance, there is not a model of human resource planning enable to fit all companies at the same times. From these definitions one might get the impression that workforce planning is a rigid system that must be implemented agency-wide in order to do it right and reap the benefits. While many organizations follow a systematic approach, there is no one size- fits-all workforce planning program. (Ann. Cotton, 2007, p13). A good human resource planning allows managers to measure recruitment and selection, employees retention, training and development and manage employees performance. Recruitment and selection planning Recruitment can be defined as a process of identifying and hiring the best qualified individual ( from within or outside of an organisation) for a given vacancy, in a most timely and cost effective manner. Experts believe that recruitment is a very sensitive and important part of human resource management function within an organisation because its business survival relies on its employees. Organizations recruit their triumphs and disasters, their creativity, sustainability, and growth. (Shaun Tyson, 2006) Recruitment main stages can be shaped as: Identify and define the requirements for organisation Main tools used here are Job descriptions and job specifications. Two important models are mostly used by companies or organisations. The seven point plan and the fivefold grading system. The seven-point plan (Rodger, 1973) Physical health Attainments: skills knowledge Intelligence: specifics abilities Special aptitudes Interests: personal interests Disposition: self-reliance, drive, initiative Circumstances: personal circumstances as commitment, mobility. The seven-point plan model underlines both emotional intelligence as well as Intellectual quotient (IQ). The Fivefold grading system (Munro Fraser, 1966) Can be described by: Impact on others: appearance Qualification: work experience Innate abilities: aptitude to learn Motivation Adjustment: relationships with others The Fivefold grading system underlines Intellectual quotient (IQ) Attract potential employees Select and employ the appropriate people from the job applicants These are the main stages involved in the recruitment and selection procedures which is a continuous process, as internal or external factors can affect the business at any time, managers should be able to take and appropriate decision to tackle issues or opportunities occurring like: staff resignation or retirement, changes in business itself (market penetration or new market entrance), changes in business location or promotion. Therefore, recruitment is a dynamic process. Main factors describing recruitment and selection procedures can be summarise as follow: Characteristic of the job, Characteristics of applicants Characteristics of recruiters Recruiting policies. Let us focus in recruiting policies that creates an environment in which each business will operate. Organisations policies lead the business direction and main vision. All corporations should comply with laws regulations and procedures. Legal rules and requirements can be different from one country to another, but the market globalisation tends to promotes similar rules for each corporation all over the world. The laws relating to discrimination in employment are generally accepted worldwide. Shaun Tyson, 2006 clarify the importance of laws in recruitment policies: The legal framework covers racial, gender, religious, age and disability discrimination, as well as rules regarding ex-offenders, and references among other areas. This affects choices of recruitment methods, advertisements and the processes used. IBM recruitment policies are well known, since its creation, the company underlines is willing to promote respect for individual. The managers give more importance to their peop le than to companys products. Tom Watson IBMs founder said in 1957 there are many things I would like IBM to be known for, but no matter how big we become, I want this company to be known as the company which has the greatest respect for the individual. The value place on IBM employees was codified in one of their three fundamental principles (mentioned in our introduction). In 1926, IBMs founder, Thomas J. Watson, told employees that: They say a man is known for the company he keeps. We say in our business that a company is known by he men it keeps. IBM corporate implemented also implemented programs policies and practices to respect its employees. For example its open door policy, the Speak! up program, comprehensive employees opinions surveys and so one. By doing that, IBM acquires and retains quality people need for its businesss success. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT POLICIES In todays increasing competition in the market, companies are looking to increase their benefits, their productivity and also to boost their employees performance. Training and development programs are tools use by most of the companies to reach their target and enhance their corporates culture. Although some companies dont give such importance to training and development matter because for them it is better to invest to acquire material asset than to improve their workforce skill. IBM always focus on its employees improvement even its recruitment policy focus on qualified workforce, they still need to implement its training programs. IBM founder Thomas J. Watson, said there is no saturation point in education. The benefits of training programs can be resuming as: Increased productivity and performance improvement Reduced server loads and bandwidth costs Stricter adherence to corporate policies Improved customer satisfaction Increased employee morale and retention Increased revenue The reason why most of companies dont apply training and development program is that they assume that the cost of this function doesnt worth enough to be taken on board within their organisation. In the opposite way, Gartner, 2007 said Untrained or poorly trained users will cost significantly more to support than well-trained workers. Untrained traveling workers who spend a significant portion of their time away from the office, and who often have networking questions from multiple remote locations, are generally more expensive to support, regardless of the types of devices theyre using. But in fact, the last changes operate among workforce shows that training can affects employees retention in a company. American Society for Training Development demonstrates in 2003 that 41% of employees at companies with inadequate training programs plan to leave within a year versus 12% of employees at companies who provide excellent training and professional development programs. The main value of training and development planning can also be defines as follow: Revenues generation. The more a company invest in its training programs, the higher its revenues are. Productivity and performance improvement. Skills and knowledge are ineluctably the essential keys factors in business survival. Cost reduction. Companies can save huge amount of money in labour cost just by improving their employees skills. Collateral saving. Companies that employ training programs would have a benefits form their product, but they may also see a unintended savings. It is now sure that training and development programs and companies success is highly correlated. By providing more tools to its employees and using also training and development as a factor of decision-making can lead a company to achieve easily its corporates goals, retains its employees and maintains its competitive advantage among its competitors. STAFF MOTIVATION AND APPRAISAL PLAN The possibility for a business to growth depends on the quality human resources within the organisation. How a company can rewards its employees after their performance. First of all, we know that to reward employees most of the organisation use money as a value for their rewarding system. To set up a reward system, managers always evaluate their employees. Job as reward system should be clear and fair for each employee. Talking about job evaluation, Shaun Tyson, 2006 said Job evaluation is a term used in a general way for a number of techniques that are in different forms. These techniques entail analysing and assessing the content of jobs so that they may be classified in an order relating to one another and to the marketplace. To have a fairly base, job evaluation need to have common features as far as possible to avoid inequalities among rewarding systems, it is necessary to set up at least general framework that fits in these different evaluation techniques. Common features of evaluation techniques are the following: Job evaluation is concerned with differences in the work itself, not in differences that are found between people. Reference is made to the content of the job, i.e. what the work consists of, what is being done, what skills are deployed and the actions that are performed. This is normally discovered by job analysis. There are predetermined criteria, or factors, against which each job is measured. These may be descriptions of the whole job, or of its component parts. The practice of involving those who are to be subject to the job evaluation at an early stage helps to ensure both accuracy in job analysis and a commitment to the job evaluation scheme. The outcome of a job evaluation should be wage and salary scales covering the range of evaluated jobs. All systems need regular review and updating, and have to be flexible enough to be of use for different kinds of work, so that new jobs can be accommodated. In fact many purposes are use to estimate employees salaries. It also correlated with government regulation laws and rules. We are not going to dig deeper in that area. One of the most important that companies need to take on board is looking their employees as individuals. The social aspect of each individual is dominated by its own expectations and needs. Ignoring this aspect of human, could leads sometimes in a failure of rewarding employees within a company. Wage and promotion are not the only ways to reward employees, many organisations as IBM introduce in their corporate goals a strong culture of rewarding that make employees feel safe and secure and then improve their performance, their commitment and a strong willing to stay in the company as employees. IBM chairman Thomas J. Watson, Jr. 1970 said Money and title alone are not enough to satisfy the kinds of people that make IBM great. What counts most of all is knowledge that individual contributions are recognized and valued. We all want to receive that sort of recognition and we must all be quick to give it, too. I believe youll find, in most cases that you give thoughtful care to your people, they can take care of the problems. That is the perfect illustration of what sort of organisation is IBM. They put individuals first and then the success comes easily after making IBM the most successful IT Company in which every scientist or employee would like to work and perform well since the last decade. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In our work, weve tried to demonstrate the importance of recruitment and selection, training and development policies, motivation and appraisal of labour in the achievement of corporates goals. Human resource capital is obviously the main important asset of each organisation. Although experts believe that managing human resource is mostly a matter of common sense, the changing environment, the actual need of economic market trend, the increasing competition among businesses might lead each organisation to think efficiently to find how to use this asset to achieve its corporates goals and make profit from its business. Managing wisely its human capital is the key success of many corporations as IBM. In 1969, IBM chairman Thomas J. Watson, Jr. wrote to his management team: Our basic belief is respect for the individual, for his rights and dignity. It follows from this principle that IBM should: help each employee to develop his potential and make the best use of his abilities; pay and promote on merit; and maintain two-way communications between manager and employee, with an opportunity for a fair hearing and equitable settlement of disagreements. Human resource planning is therefore a powerful tool for each organisation to create a useful link between its labour and its corporates goals, without this link, a company can easily runs out of its business. The main recommendation to all the companies willing to improve their performance is to use IBM corporate as a model if the want to survive in the present market that is highly competitive.

John Locke Provisos

John Locke was an English philosopher who had the idea that all people have natural rights. Their natural rights included that of life, liberty and property and the idea of these rights being held by each individual is often said to be the primary influence of the American Declaration of Independence. Locke further explains his rationale behind natural rights in Two Treatises of Government and particularly property right in his â€Å"Provisos,† stating the conditions the make property public or private. Locke’s â€Å"Provisos† discusses the idea that property becomes private when a person labors upon the property. His reasoning that the land becomes the person’s private property is that a person has the right to the fruits of his labor, and he also has the right to the resource that bore his fruits, in this case the property. As Locke says, â€Å"He by his labor does, as it were, enclose it from the common† (page 437). By this he means that by laboring over the land, the land is taken away from the rest of society, the common, and becomes the private property of the individual. Locke also believes that â€Å"as much as a man tills, plants, improves, cultivates, and can use the product of, so much is his property† (page 437). In this, he is stating that a man can own as much as can be useful to him; claiming property in excess and not being able to make it productive is wrong because the property will then go to waste instead of bearing fruit. This is wrong because â€Å"nothing was made by God for man to spoil or destroy† (page 436) and having land lying to waste is along the same lines as ruining the land. This idea from Locke’s â€Å"Provisos† follows from his idea of general property rights. He believes that land that has not been influenced by an individual’s labor is land available for all of society. Man should still respect the land and not exploit it, but â€Å"were it not for the corruption and viciousness of degenerate man, there would be no need of any other, no necessity that men should separate from this great and natural community† (page 441). However because mankind cannot be trusted, Locke believes that once a man does put forth effort to improve a piece of property, that land and the products of it belong to him. Although that land might belong to one man, it is still benefiting the rest of society because â€Å"the provisions serving to the support of human life produced by one acre of enclosed and cultivated land are ten times more than those which are yielded by an acre of land of an equal richness lying waste in common† (page 437). This is similar to the way in which both a farmer and society benefits from his harvest. The farmer and society both can receive nourishment from his harvest and what harvest goes to the rest of society, he is repaid for, which allows him to continue sowing seeds that will continue to nurture the common. A situation of private property that would conflict with one of the Lockean provisos is property that is acclaimed through forcing Native Americans to agree with the American customs that were being imposed and the American rule, or to leave, such as with the Indian Removal Act that was signed into law in 1830. The Native Americans had worked the land and made it suitable to support their lifestyle and in the quest to achieve Manifest Destiny, nothing would hinder the determined minds of the Americans. According to Locke, the land rightfully belonged to the Native Americans because they had labored on the land to make it prosperous. They did not exploit it; they used the resources wisely and nothing went to waste with their minimalist lifestyle. With the Indian Removal Act that President Andrew Jackson signed into effect, all Native Americans had to be relocated to areas west of the Mississippi River. The Native Americans were removed on the basis that American colonizers needed the land and wanted to achieve Manifest Destiny. Another situation involving private property that would violate one of the Lockean provisos would be that of the government seizing land due to unpaid taxes. In this situation, a farmer could have yielded a large harvest, but the demand for his crop declined greatly to the point that he is unable to make a large enough profit to pay his taxes. This could fall into a pattern for many years to come, eventually reaching the point that the government can no longer just keep putting the farmer into more debt. The farmer would have to claim bankruptcy and the government would seize his land. This would violate Locke’s idea that the land a man works, is his. The farmer was doing the best he could, was benefiting society, and never consented to losing his right to his land, but the government took it away anyway. I believe that Locke correctly draws the line on private property because we have the right over our own bodies, and if the work of those bodies can combine with resources to create something, then we have the right to claim that product and the resources we used to make it. No one else put forth the effort and therefore the fruit of our efforts are ours. I believe that hard work deserves reward and that reward is the right to the product. As Locke says, â€Å"The labor of his body and the work of his hands, we may say, are properly his† (page 436).

Is cooperation better than competition?

Our society forging ahead, the significance of both cooperation and competition, methodologies by which humanity cope with awkward social encounters, tends to be acceleratingly pivotal to all walks of life. However, whether the effectiveness of cooperation override that of competition has sparked off spirited debate. I personally advocate the belief that, at the status quo, more weight should be attached to the sense of collaboration, the effervescence instilled into a wide spectrum of communities and the spirit profoundly immersed in success. â€Å"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.† By which I mean, by no means can the sum of all individual efforts, regardless of how marvelous they might be, prevail over the integrity in terms of stability and rigidity, effectiveness and efficiency. The unity of spider’s net can tie up a lion, albeit fragile a single thread seems to be; a bundle of matches can hardly be broken, albeit brittle a single stick seems to be; cascades of water coalescing together can forge a sea, albeit futile a single drop seems to be. â€Å"Great discoveries invariably involve the cooperation of many minds.† Could you appoint a single scientist to invent a brand-new, cutting-edge devise without others’ assistance? Certainly not! Apparently, there is not a scintilla of possibility that merely one scientist, regardless of how world-renown he is and how ineffable works he has accomplished, can flawlessly combat all hindrances attached to such explorations. Moreover, cooperation is the catalyst for strengthening social rapports. There is no denying that accompanying the process in which we pay concerted efforts for the sake of obtaining the ultimate goal, mutual fidelity and faith play an paramount role, both of which, therefore, will have been bolstered eventually. Furthermore, the arduous but rewarding process during which people have collaborated will consistently echo in everyone’s mind. The partnership, therefore, will certainly be strengthened once those unforgettable experiences are recalled. Admittedly, there exist some benefits brought about by competition that cannot be neglected, whereas its more apparent adverse effects tend to be rendered the friction for social burgeoning. Here comes a compelling example: A couple of waves out of phase tend to be cancelled out, whereas a couple in phase can reinforce each other. What is more, competition may also abstract leaders from focusing on the genuine target, thus distort the value of ultimate outputs. To illustrate, two political parties of a country may give their best shot on how to defeat each other, other than devoting themselves to serving the society. Consequently, who will suffer are the innocent citizens who were promised the idyllic living ambience that are jeopardized by the â€Å"political war†. Competition being the developing stumbling block to some extents, the superiority of cooperation will suffice to be reinforced. Having critically and objectively analyzed all the arguments relating to this dilemma, although some minuscule benefits of competition can not be masked, I will consistently held in high regard the belief that the sense cooperation must be dominant over the sense of competition.

pKb Definition in Chemistry

pKb is the negative base-10 logarithm of the base dissociation constant (Kb) of a solution. It is used to determine the strength of a base or alkaline solution. pKb -log10KbThe lower the pKb value, the stronger the base. As with the acid dissociation constant, pKa, the base dissociation constant calculation is an approximation that is only accurate in dilute solutions. Kb can be found using the following formula: Kb [B][OH-] / [BOH] which is obtained from the chemical equation: BH   OH−  Ã¢â€¡Å' B H2O Finding pKb from pKa or Ka The base dissociation constant is related to the acid dissociation constant, so if you know one, you can find the other value. For an aqueous solution, the hydroxide ion concentration [OH- follows the relation of the hydrogen ion concentration [H] Kw [H][OH- Putting this relation into the Kb equation gives: Kb [HBKw / ([B][H]) Kw / Ka At the same ionic strength and temperatures: pKb pKw - pKa. For aqueous solutions at 25 ° C, pKw 13.9965 (or about 14), so: pKb 14 - pKa Sample pKb Calculation Find the value of the base dissociation constant Kb and pKb for a 0.50 dm-3 aqueous solution of a weak base that has a pH of 9.5. First calculate the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations in the solution to get values to plug into the formula. [H] 10-pH 10-9.5   3.16 x 10–10  mol dm–3 Kw   [H(aq)] [OH–(aq)] 1 x 10–14  mol2  dm–6 [OH–(aq)]   Kw/[H(aq)] 1 x 10–14  / 3.16 x 10–10   3.16 x 10–5  mol dm–3 Now, you have the necessary information to solve for the base dissociation constant: Kb   [OH–(aq)]2/[B(aq)] (3.16 x 10–5)2  / 0.50   2.00 x 10–9  mol dm–3 pKb   –log(2.00 x 10–9)   8.70